D2L Corporation
2017-08-04T17:19:38-04:00
2017-08-04T17:19:38-04:00
D2L Corporation
The Australian Curriculum: English
The Australian Curriculum sets the expectations for what all Australian students should be taught, regardless of where they live or their background.
2017-08-04
2017
Copyright Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
Year level strand
Language
Year level sub-strand
Language variation and change
ACELA1426
Content description
Understand that English is one of many languages spoken in Australia and that different languages may be spoken by family, classmates and community
ELBE542
Elaboration
learning that different languages exist; discussing the various languages encountered in the community and at school; acknowledging the home languages of students who speak another language, and valuing the ability to speak more than one language
ELBE543
Elaboration
recognising that some texts can include both Standard Australian English and elements of other languages including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages
ACELA1443
Content description
Understand that people use different systems of communication to cater to different needs and purposes and that many people may use sign systems to communicate with others
ELBE640
Elaboration
recognising how and where signs and symbols are used and placed in students' school and community
ELBE641
Elaboration
learning some signs in Auslan and finding out about 'Hear a Book' and Braille technologies for hearing and visually impaired people
ACELA1460
Content description
Understand that spoken, visual and written forms of language are different modes of communication with different features and their use varies according to the audience, purpose, context and cultural background
ELBE738
Elaboration
identifying examples and features of different kinds of spoken, non-verbal, written and visual communication from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and from several Asian cultures within Australia, and associating those features with particular communities
ELBE739
Elaboration
recognising some phrases in the languages of the class and community, for example greetings and expressions of politeness
ACELA1475
Content description
Understand that languages have different written and visual communication systems, different oral traditions and different ways of constructing meaning
ELBE823
Elaboration
learning that a word or sign can carry different weight in different cultural contexts, for example that particular respect is due to some people and creatures and that stories can be passed on to teach us how to live appropriately
ACELA1487
Content description
Understand that Standard Australian English is one of many social dialects used in Australia, and that while it originated in England it has been influenced by many other languages
ELBE887
Elaboration
identifying words used in Standard Australian English that are derived from other languages, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, and determining if the original meaning is reflected in English usage, for example example 'kangaroo', 'tsunami',' typhoon', 'amok', 'orangutan'
ELBE888
Elaboration
identifying commonly used words derived from other cultures
ACELA1500
Content description
Understand that the pronunciation, spelling and meanings of words have histories and change over time
ELBE948
Elaboration
recognising that a knowledge of word origins is not only interesting in its own right, but that it extends students' knowledge of vocabulary and spelling
ELBE949
Elaboration
exploring examples of words in which pronunciation, writing and meaning has changed over time, including words from a range of cultures
ACELA1515
Content description
Understand that different social and geographical dialects or accents are used in Australia in addition to Standard Australian English
ELBE999
Elaboration
recognising that there are more than 150 Aboriginal languages and two Torres Strait Islander languages and that they relate to geographic areas in Australia
ELBE1000
Elaboration
recognising that all languages and dialects are of equal value, although we use different ones in different contexts, for example the use of Standard Australian English, Aboriginal English and forms of Creole used by some Torres Strait Islander groups and some of Australia's near neighbours
ACELA1528
Content description
Understand the way language evolves to reflect a changing world, particularly in response to the use of new technology for presenting texts and communicating
ELBE1063
Elaboration
exploring languages and dialects through building webcam relationships with schools across Australia and Asia
ELBE1064
Elaboration
investigating changes in word use and meaning over time and some of the reasons for these changes, for example the influence on spelling and vocabulary of new forms of communication like texting, emoticons and email
ACELA1540
Content description
Understand the influence and impact that the English language has had on other languages or dialects and how English has been influenced in return
ELBE1116
Elaboration
exploring examples of Singlish (Singapore English) from a Singlish dictionary
ELBE1117
Elaboration
investigating borrowings from a range of languages into English, for example from French and Italian
ACELA1550
Content description
Understand that Standard Australian English is a living language within which the creation and loss of words and the evolution of usage is ongoing
ELBE1171
Elaboration
identifying some of the changes in the grammar of English over time, for example from 'thee' and 'thou' to 'you'
ELBE1172
Elaboration
exploring examples of 'Globish' English
ACELA1563
Content description
Understand that Standard Australian English in its spoken and written forms has a history of evolution and change and continues to evolve
ELBE1233
Elaboration
investigating differences between spoken and written English by comparing the language of conversation and interviews with the written language of print texts
ELBE1234
Elaboration
experimenting with and incorporating new words and creative inventions in students' own written and spoken texts
ELBE1235
Elaboration
understanding how and why spelling became standardised and how conventions have changed over time and continue to change through common usage, the invention of new words and creative combinations of existing words
Year level sub-strand
Language for interaction
ACELA1428
Content description
Explore how language is used differently at home and school depending on the relationships between people
ELBE544
Elaboration
learning that language varies according to the relationships between people, for example between parent and child, teacher and student, siblings, friends, shopkeepers and customers
ELBE545
Elaboration
learning that we use a different tone and style of language with different people
ELBE546
Elaboration
learning to ask relevant questions and to express requests and opinions in ways that suit different contexts
ACELA1429
Content description
Understand that language can be used to explore ways of expressing needs, likes and dislikes
ELBE547
Elaboration
recognising some of the ways we can use speech, gesture, writing and media to communicate feelings
ELBE548
Elaboration
recognising some of the ways emotions and feelings can be conveyed and influenced by visual representations, for example in advertising and animations
ACELA1444
Content description
Understand that language is used in combination with other means of communication, for example facial expressions and gestures to interact with others
ELBE642
Elaboration
recognising the effect of words, symbols, gestures and body language on the way communications are received by others
ACELA1446
Content description
Understand that there are different ways of asking for information, making offers and giving commands
ELBE643
Elaboration
learning the difference between questions and statements, requests and commands
ELBE644
Elaboration
learning about the difference between closed questions, for example 'Are you ready?', 'Did they enjoy their holidays?' and open questions, for example 'What made this text so exciting?'
ACELA1787
Content description
Explore different ways of expressing emotions, including verbal, visual, body language and facial expressions
ELBE645
Elaboration
extending students' vocabularies for the expression of feelings and emotions
ELBE646
Elaboration
considering how others might respond before students express their views and how students might respond to others' views in civil and constructive ways
ACELA1461
Content description
Understand that language varies when people take on different roles in social and classroom interactions and how the use of key interpersonal language resources varies depending on context
ELBE740
Elaboration
exploring how terms of address are used to signal different kinds of relationships
ELBE741
Elaboration
exploring the differences between giving a presentation and talking to friends
ELBE742
Elaboration
exploring culturally specific greetings and expressions of politeness
ACELA1462
Content description
Identify language that can be used for appreciating texts and the qualities of people and things
ELBE743
Elaboration
exploring how language is used to express feelings including learning vocabulary to express a gradation of feeling, for example 'happy', 'joyful', 'pleased', 'contented'
ELBE744
Elaboration
exploring in stories, everyday and media texts moral and social dilemmas; such as right and wrong, fairness/unfairness, inclusion and exclusion; learning to use language to describe actions and consider consequences
ELBE745
Elaboration
exploring how language is used to construct characters and settings in narratives, including choice of nouns such as 'girl', 'princess' or 'orphan', and choice of adjectives such as 'gentle', 'timid' or 'frightened'
ACELA1476
Content description
Understand that successful cooperation with others depends on shared use of social conventions, including turn-taking patterns, and forms of address that vary according to the degree of formality in social situations
ELBE824
Elaboration
identifying roles and collaborative patterns in students' own groups and pair work (for example initiating a topic, changing a topic through negotiation, affirming other speakers and building on their comments, asking relevant questions, providing useful feedback, prompting and checking individual and group understanding)
ACELA1477
Content description
Examine how evaluative language can be varied to be more or less forceful
ELBE825
Elaboration
exploring how modal verbs, for example 'must', 'might', or 'could' indicate degrees of probability or obligation
ELBE826
Elaboration
distinguishing how choice of adverbs, nouns and verbs present different evaluations of characters in texts
ACELA1488
Content description
Understand that social interactions influence the way people engage with ideas and respond to others for example when exploring and clarifying the ideas of others, summarising their own views and reporting them to a larger group
ELBE889
Elaboration
recognising that we can use language differently with our friends and families, but that Standard Australian English is typically used in written school texts and more formal contexts
ELBE890
Elaboration
recognising that language is adjusted in different contexts, for example in degree of formality when moving between group discussions and presenting a group report
ELBE891
Elaboration
understanding how age, status, expertise and familiarity influence the ways in which we interact with people and how these codes and conventions vary across cultures
ELBE892
Elaboration
recognising the importance of using inclusive language
ACELA1489
Content description
Understand differences between the language of opinion and feeling and the language of factual reporting or recording
ELBE893
Elaboration
identifying ways thinking verbs are used to express opinion, for example 'I think', 'I believe', and ways summary verbs are used to report findings, for example 'we concluded'
ACELA1501
Content description
Understand that patterns of language interaction vary across social contexts and types of texts and that they help to signal social roles and relationships
ELBE950
Elaboration
identifying ways in which cultures differ in making and responding to common requests, for example periods of silence, degrees of formality
ACELA1502
Content description
Understand how to move beyond making bare assertions and take account of differing perspectives and points of view
ELBE952
Elaboration
recognising that a bare assertion (for example 'It's the best film this year') often needs to be tempered by: using the 'impersonal it' to distance oneself (for example 'It could be that it is the best film this year'); recruiting anonymous support (for example 'It is generally agreed that it is the best film this year.'); indicating a general source of the opinion (for example 'Most critics agree that it is the best film this year.'); specifying the source of the opinion (for example 'David and Margaret both agree that it is the best film this year') and reflecting on the effect of these different choices
ACELA1516
Content description
Understand that strategies for interaction become more complex and demanding as levels of formality and social distance increase
ELBE1001
Elaboration
identify and appreciate differences in language used in diverse family settings
ACELA1517
Content description
Understand the uses of objective and subjective language and bias
ELBE1003
Elaboration
understanding when it is appropriate to share feelings and opinions (for example in a personal recount) and when it is appropriate to remain more objective (for example in a factual recount)
ELBE1004
Elaboration
differentiating between reporting the facts (for example in a news story) and providing a commentary (for example in an editorial)
ACELA1529
Content description
Understand how accents, styles of speech and idioms express and create personal and social identities
ELBE1065
Elaboration
building a database of local idioms and their meanings, accents and styles of speech for different contexts, exploring the possibilities of these choices in drama and role play, and discussing their connection with personal and social identities
ELBE1066
Elaboration
developing dialogues authentic to characters in comics, cartoons and animations
ACELA1782
Content description
Understand how language is used to evaluate texts and how evaluations about a text can be substantiated by reference to the text and other sources
ELBE1067
Elaboration
defending points of view in reading circle discussions
ELBE1068
Elaboration
responding to points of view by developing and elaborating on others' responses
ELBE1069
Elaboration
building a knowledge base about words of evaluation, including words to express emotional responses to texts, judgment of characters and their actions, and appreciation of the aesthetic qualities of text
ACELA1541
Content description
Understand how conventions of speech adopted by communities influence the identities of people in those communities
ELBE1118
Elaboration
understanding that our use of language helps to create different identities, for example teenage groups and sportspeople have adopted particular words or ways of speaking
ACELA1542
Content description
Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody
ELBE1119
Elaboration
identifying and evaluating examples of how rhetorical devices reveal the dark or serious aspects of a topic in ways that cause laughter or amusement, for example by making a statement but implying/meaning the opposite (irony); exaggerating or overstating something (hyperbole); imitating or sending up something (parody), and making something appear less serious than it really is (understatement)
ACELA1551
Content description
Understand that roles and relationships are developed and challenged through language and interpersonal skills
ELBE1173
Elaboration
identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities (the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups, the interaction patterns of the classroom, the commonalities in migrant and cultural groups)
ACELA1552
Content description
Investigate how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices, for example allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
ELBE1174
Elaboration
comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways – print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio and poetry – and identifying wordings that appraise things indirectly, through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct the views of the readers in particular ways
ACELA1564
Content description
Understand how language use can have inclusive and exclusive social effects, and can empower or disempower people
ELBE1236
Elaboration
identifying language that seeks to align the listener or reader (for example 'of course', 'obviously', 'as you can imagine')
ELBE1237
Elaboration
identifying the use of first person 'I', 'we' and second person pronouns 'you' to distance or involve the audience, for example in a speech made to a local cultural community
ELBE1238
Elaboration
identifying references to shared assumptions
ELBE1239
Elaboration
identifying appeals to shared cultural knowledge, values and beliefs
ELBE1240
Elaboration
reflecting on experiences of when language includes, distances or marginalises others
ELBE1241
Elaboration
creating texts that represent personal belief systems (such as credos, statements of ethical judgements, guidelines, letters to the editor and blog entries)
ACELA1565
Content description
Understand that people's evaluations of texts are influenced by their value systems, the context and the purpose and mode of communication
ELBE1242
Elaboration
considering whether ethical judgments of good, bad, right or wrong are absolute or relative through consideration of texts with varying points of view and through discussion with others
ELBE1243
Elaboration
interpreting texts by drawing on knowledge of the historical context in which texts were created
Year level sub-strand
Text structure and organisation
ACELA1430
Content description
Understand that texts can take many forms, can be very short (for example an exit sign) or quite long (for example an information book or a film) and that stories and informative texts have different purposes
ELBE549
Elaboration
sharing experiences of different texts and discussing some differences
ELBE550
Elaboration
discussing the purpose of texts, for example 'This text will tell a story', 'This text will give information'
ELBE551
Elaboration
repeating parts of texts, for example characteristic refrains, predicting cumulative storylines, reciting poetic and rhyming phrases
ACELA1431
Content description
Understand that some language in written texts is unlike everyday spoken language
ELBE552
Elaboration
learning that written text in Standard Australian English has conventions about words, spaces between words, layout on the page and consistent spelling because it has to communicate when the speaker/writer is not present
ACELA1432
Content description
Understand that punctuation is a feature of written text different from letters; recognise how capital letters are used for names, and that capital letters and full stops signal the beginning and end of sentences
ELBE553
Elaboration
pointing to the letters and the punctuation in a text
ELBE554
Elaboration
commenting on punctuation encountered in the everyday texts, for example 'That's the letter that starts my name', 'The name of my family and my town has a capital letter'
ACELA1433
Content description
Understand concepts about print and screen, including how books, film and simple digital texts work, and know some features of print, for example directionality
ELBE555
Elaboration
learning about print: direction of print and return sweep, spaces between words
ELBE556
Elaboration
learning that Standard Australian English in written texts is read from left to right and from top to bottom of the page and that direction of print may differ in other cultures, for example Japanese texts
ELBE557
Elaboration
learning about front and back covers; title and author, layout and navigation of digital/screen texts
ELBE558
Elaboration
learning about simple functions of keyboard and mouse including typing letters, scrolling, selecting icons and drop-down menu
ACELA1447
Content description
Understand that the purposes texts serve shape their structure in predictable ways
ELBE647
Elaboration
discussing and comparing the purposes of familiar texts drawn from local contexts and interests
ELBE648
Elaboration
becoming familiar with the typical stages of types of text including recount and procedure
ELBE649
Elaboration
using different types of texts, for example procedures (including recipes) and discussing the text structure
ACELA1448
Content description
Understand patterns of repetition and contrast in simple texts
ELBE650
Elaboration
identifying patterns of vocabulary items in texts (for example class/subclass patterns, part/whole patterns, compare/contrast patterns, cause-and-effect patterns, word associations/collocation)
ELBE651
Elaboration
discussing different types of texts and identifying some characteristic features and elements (for example language patterns and repetition) in stories and poetry
ACELA1449
Content description
Recognise that different types of punctuation, including full stops, question marks and exclamation marks, signal sentences that make statements, ask questions, express emotion or give commands
ELBE652
Elaboration
using intonation and pauses in response to punctuation when reading
ELBE653
Elaboration
reading texts and identifying different sentence-level punctuation
ELBE654
Elaboration
writing different types of sentences, for example statements and questions, and discussing appropriate punctuation
ACELA1450
Content description
Understand concepts about print and screen, including how different types of texts are organised using page numbering, tables of content, headings and titles, navigation buttons, bars and links
ELBE655
Elaboration
learning about how books and digital texts are organised including page numbers, table of contents, headings, images with captions and the use of scrolling to access digital texts
ACELA1463
Content description
Understand that different types of texts have identifiable text structures and language features that help the text serve its purpose
ELBE746
Elaboration
identifying the topic and type of a text through its visual presentation, for example cover design, packaging, title/subtitle and images
ELBE747
Elaboration
becoming familiar with the typical stages of text types, for example simple narratives, instructions and expositions
ACELA1464
Content description
Understand how texts are made cohesive through language features, including word associations, synonyms, and antonyms
ELBE748
Elaboration
exploring how texts develop their themes and ideas, building information through connecting similar and contrasting dissimilar things
ELBE749
Elaboration
mapping examples of word associations in texts, for example words that refer to the main character
ACELA1465
Content description
Recognise that capital letters signal proper nouns and commas are used to separate items in lists
ELBE003
Elaboration
talking about how a comma can be used to separate two or more elements in a list, for example 'At the museum they saw a tiger, a dinosaur and two snakes'
ACELA1466
Content description
Know some features of text organisation including page and screen layouts, alphabetical order, and different types of diagrams, for example timelines
ELBE751
Elaboration
recognising how chapters and table of contents, alphabetical order of index and glossary operate to guide access to information
ELBE752
Elaboration
learning about features of screen texts including menu buttons, drop down menus, links and live connections
ACELA1478
Content description
Understand how different types of texts vary in use of language choices, depending on their purpose and context (for example, tense and types of sentences)
ELBE827
Elaboration
becoming familiar with typical structural stages and language features of various types of text, for example narratives, procedures, reports, reviews and expositions
ACELA1479
Content description
Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts
ELBE828
Elaboration
noticing how longer texts are organised into paragraphs, each beginning with a topic sentence/paragraph opener which predicts how the paragraph will develop and is then elaborated in various ways
ACELA1480
Content description
Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters
ELBE829
Elaboration
recognising both grammatically accurate and inaccurate usage of the apostrophe in everyday texts such as signs in the community and newspaper advertisements
ACELA1790
Content description
Identify the features of online texts that enhance navigation
ELBE1301
Elaboration
becoming familiar with the typical features of online texts, for example navigation bars and buttons, hyperlinks and sitemaps
ACELA1490
Content description
Understand how texts vary in complexity and technicality depending on the approach to the topic, the purpose and the intended audience
ELBE894
Elaboration
becoming familiar with the typical stages and language features of such text types as: simple narrative, procedure, simple persuasion texts and information reports
ACELA1491
Content description
Understand how texts are made cohesive through the use of linking devices including pronoun reference and text connectives
ELBE011
Elaboration
knowing how authors construct texts that are cohesive and coherent through the use of: pronouns that link to something previously mentioned; determiners (for example 'this', 'that', 'these', 'those', 'the',); text connectives that create links between sentences (for example 'however', 'therefore', 'nevertheless', 'in addition', 'by contrast', 'in summary')
ELBE010
Elaboration
identifying how participants are tracked through a text by, for example, using pronouns to refer back to noun groups/phrases
ELBE012
Elaboration
describing how text connectives link sections of a text providing sequences through time, for example 'firstly', 'then', 'next', and 'finally'
ACELA1492
Content description
Recognise how quotation marks are used in texts to signal dialogue, titles and quoted (direct) speech
ELBE898
Elaboration
exploring texts to identify the use of quotation marks
ELBE899
Elaboration
experimenting with the use of quotation marks in students' own writing
ACELA1793
Content description
Identify features of online texts that enhance readability including text, navigation, links, graphics and layout
ELBE900
Elaboration
participating in online searches for information using navigation tools and discussing similarities and differences between print and digital information
ACELA1504
Content description
Understand how texts vary in purpose, structure and topic as well as the degree of formality
ELBE953
Elaboration
becoming familiar with the typical stages and language features of such text types as: narrative, procedure, exposition, explanation, discussion and informative text and how they can be composed and presented in written, digital and multimedia forms
ACELA1505
Content description
Understand that the starting point of a sentence gives prominence to the message in the text and allows for prediction of how the text will unfold
ELBE955
Elaboration
observing how writers use the beginning of a sentence to signal to the reader how the text is developing (for example 'Snakes are reptiles. They have scales and no legs. Many snakes are poisonous. However, in Australia they are protected')
ACELA1506
Content description
Understand how the grammatical category of possessives is signalled through apostrophes and how to use apostrophes with common and proper nouns
ELBE025
Elaboration
learning that in Standard Australian English regular plural nouns ending in 's' form the possessive by adding just the apostrophe, for example 'my parents' car'
ELBE026
Elaboration
learning that in Standard Australian English for proper nouns the regular possessive form is always possible but a variant form without the second 's'; is sometimes found, for example 'James's house'; or 'James'; house'
ACELA1797
Content description
Investigate how the organisation of texts into chapters, headings, subheadings, home pages and sub pages for online texts and according to chronology or topic can be used to predict content and assist navigation
ACELA1518
Content description
Understand how authors often innovate on text structures and play with language features to achieve particular aesthetic, humorous and persuasive purposes and effects
ELBE1005
Elaboration
exploring a range of everyday, community, literary and informative texts discussing elements of text structure and language features and comparing the overall structure and effect of authors' choices in two or more texts
ELBE1006
Elaboration
examining different works by an author who specialises in humour or pathos to identify strategies such as exaggeration and character embarrassment to amuse and to offer insights into characters' feelings, so building empathy with their points of view and concern for their welfare
ACELA1520
Content description
Understand that cohesive links can be made in texts by omitting or replacing words
ELBE035
Elaboration
noting how a general word is often used for a more specific word already mentioned, for example 'Look at those apples. Can I have one?'
ELBE037
Elaboration
recognising how cohesion can be developed through repeating key words or by using synonyms or antonyms
ELBE036
Elaboration
observing how relationships between concepts can be represented visually through similarity, contrast, juxtaposition, repetition, class-subclass diagrams, part-whole diagrams, cause-and-effect figures, visual continuities and discontinuities
ACELA1521
Content description
Understand the uses of commas to separate clauses
ELBE1011
Elaboration
identifying different uses of commas in texts
ACELA1531
Content description
Understand and explain how the text structures and language features of texts become more complex in informative and persuasive texts and identify underlying structures such as taxonomies, cause and effect, and extended metaphors
ELBE1070
Elaboration
learning about the structure of the book or film review and how it moves from context description to text summary and then to a text judgment
ACELA1763
Content description
Understand that the coherence of more complex texts relies on devices that signal text structure and guide readers, for example overviews, initial and concluding paragraphs and topic sentences, indexes or site maps or breadcrumb trails for online texts
ELBE1071
Elaboration
analysing the structure of media texts such as television news items and broadcasts and various types of newspaper and magazine articles
ELBE1072
Elaboration
writing structured paragraphs for use in a range of academic settings such as paragraph responses, reports and presentations
ACELA1532
Content description
Understand the use of punctuation to support meaning in complex sentences with prepositional phrases and embedded clauses
ELBE1073
Elaboration
discussing how qualifying statements add meaning to opinions and views in spoken texts
ACELA1543
Content description
Analyse how the text structures and language features of persuasive texts, including media texts, vary according to the medium and mode of communication
ELBE1120
Elaboration
discussing how particular perspectives of the same event are portrayed through the combination of images and words in various media texts
ACELA1766
Content description
Understand how cohesion in texts is improved by strengthening the internal structure of paragraphs through the use of examples, quotations and substantiation of claims
ELBE1121
Elaboration
writing paragraphs of extended length that explain and substantiate a particular personal viewpoint
ACELA1809
Content description
Understand how coherence is created in complex texts through devices like lexical cohesion, ellipsis, grammatical theme and text connectives
ELBE1122
Elaboration
interpreting complex sentence structures through reading aloud literary texts such as sonnets or plays
ELBE1123
Elaboration
using cohesive devices when writing complex texts
ACELA1544
Content description
Understand the use of punctuation conventions, including colons, semicolons, dashes and brackets in formal and informal texts
ELBE1124
Elaboration
creating dialogue in drama showing interruptions, asides and pauses for effect
ACELA1553
Content description
Understand that authors innovate with text structures and language for specific purposes and effects
ELBE1175
Elaboration
experimenting with ways to present personal viewpoints through innovating with texts
ACELA1770
Content description
Compare and contrast the use of cohesive devices in texts, focusing on how they serve to signpost ideas, to make connections and to build semantic associations between ideas
ELBE1176
Elaboration
sequencing and developing an argument using basic language structures that suggest conclusions ('therefore', 'thus' and 'so') or give reasons ('since', 'because') or suggest conditionals ('if'… 'then')
ACELA1556
Content description
Understand how punctuation is used along with layout and font variations in constructing texts for different audiences and purposes
ELBE1177
Elaboration
experimenting with the use of colons and semicolons in expositions and other extended writing to improve precision and clarity of expression
ELBE1178
Elaboration
investigating instances of colons and semicolons in expository texts and discuss their uses in elaborating on and clarifying ideas in complex sentences
ACELA1566
Content description
Compare the purposes, text structures and language features of traditional and contemporary texts in different media
ELBE1244
Elaboration
reproducing and adapting existing print texts for an online environment and explaining the reasons for the adaptations (for example accounting for the navigation and use of hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives)
ELBE1245
Elaboration
investigating the structure and language of similar text types like information reports and narratives and how these are influenced by different technological affordances (for example hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives versus linear text sequencing principles in print narratives)
ACELA1567
Content description
Understand how paragraphs and images can be arranged for different purposes, audiences, perspectives and stylistic effects
ELBE1246
Elaboration
analysing and experimenting with combinations of graphics, text and sound in the production of multimodal texts such as documentaries, media reports, online magazines and digital books
ACELA1568
Content description
Understand conventions for citing others, and how to reference these in different ways
ELBE1247
Elaboration
understanding who to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally
Year level sub-strand
Expressing and developing ideas
ACELA1435
Content description
Recognise that sentences are key units for expressing ideas
ELBE559
Elaboration
learning that word order in sentences is important for meaning (for example 'The boy sat on the dog', 'The dog sat on the boy')
ELBE560
Elaboration
creating students' own written texts and reading aloud to the teacher and others
ACELA1434
Content description
Recognise that texts are made up of words and groups of words that make meaning
ELBE561
Elaboration
exploring spoken, written and multimodal texts and identifying elements, for example words and images
ACELA1786
Content description
Explore the different contribution of words and images to meaning in stories and informative texts
ELBE563
Elaboration
talking about how a 'different' story is told if we read only the words, or only the pictures; and the story that words and pictures make when combined
ELBE562
Elaboration
exploring how the combination of print and images in texts creates meaning
ACELA1437
Content description
Understand the use of vocabulary in familiar contexts related to everyday experiences, personal interests and topics taught at school
ELBE564
Elaboration
building vocabulary through multiple speaking and listening experiences
ELBE565
Elaboration
discussing new vocabulary found in texts
ELBE566
Elaboration
bringing vocabulary from personal experiences, relating this to new experiences and building a vocabulary for thinking and talking about school topics
ACELA1451
Content description
Identify the parts of a simple sentence that represent 'What's happening?', 'What state is being described?', 'Who or what is involved?' and the surrounding circumstances
ELBE001
Elaboration
knowing that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun group/phrase), and the surrounding circumstances (adverb group/phrase)
ELBE002
Elaboration
understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo is a mammal. A mammal suckles its young')
ACELA1452
Content description
Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs)
ELBE658
Elaboration
talking about effective words that describe a place, person or event
ELBE659
Elaboration
learning how a sentence can be made more vivid by adding adjectives, adverbs and unusual verbs
ACELA1453
Content description
Compare different kinds of images in narrative and informative texts and discuss how they contribute to meaning
ELBE660
Elaboration
talking about what is 'real' and what is imagined in texts, for example 'This is the section about platypuses in the book about mammals'
ACELA1454
Content description
Understand the use of vocabulary in everyday contexts as well as a growing number of school contexts, including appropriate use of formal and informal terms of address in different contexts
ELBE661
Elaboration
learning forms of address for visitors and how to use language appropriately to ask directions and for information, for example on excursions
ACELA1467
Content description
Understand that simple connections can be made between ideas by using a compound sentence with two or more clauses usually linked by a coordinating conjunction
ELBE753
Elaboration
learning how to express ideas using compound sentences
ELBE754
Elaboration
learning how to join simple sentences with conjunctions, for example 'and', 'but' or 'so', to construct compound sentences
ACELA1468
Content description
Understand that nouns represent people, places, concrete objects and abstract concepts; that there are three types of nouns: common, proper and pronouns; and that noun groups/phrases can be expanded using articles and adjectives
ELBE006
Elaboration
exploring texts and identifying nouns that refer to characters, elements of the setting, and ideas
ELBE005
Elaboration
exploring illustrations and noun groups/phrases in picture books to identify how the participants have been represented by an illustrator
ELBE007
Elaboration
exploring names of people and places and how to write them using capital letters
ELBE004
Elaboration
building extended noun groups/phrases that provide a clear description of an item
ACELA1469
Content description
Identify visual representations of characters' actions, reactions, speech and thought processes in narratives, and consider how these images add to or contradict or multiply the meaning of accompanying words
ELBE759
Elaboration
comparing two versions of the same story, for example 'Jack and the Beanstalk', identifying how a character's actions and reactions are depicted differently by different illustrators
ACELA1470
Content description
Understand the use of vocabulary about familiar and new topics and experiment with and begin to make conscious choices of vocabulary to suit audience and purpose
ELBE760
Elaboration
interpreting new terminology drawing on prior knowledge, analogies and connections with known words
ACELA1481
Content description
Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb and that these need to be in agreement
ELBE830
Elaboration
knowing that a clause is basically a group of words that contains a verb
ELBE831
Elaboration
knowing that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: what is happening; what state is being described; who or what is involved; and the surrounding circumstances
ACELA1482
Content description
Understand that verbs represent different processes, for example doing, thinking, saying, and relating and that these processes are anchored in time through tense
ELBE832
Elaboration
identifying different types of verbs and the way they add meaning to a sentence
ELBE833
Elaboration
exploring 'doing' and 'saying' verbs in narrative texts to show how they give information about what characters do and say
ELBE834
Elaboration
exploring the use of sensing verbs and how they allow readers to know what characters think and feel
ELBE835
Elaboration
exploring the use of relating verbs in constructing definitions and descriptions
ELBE836
Elaboration
learning how time is represented through the tense of a verb, for example 'She arrived', 'She is arriving' and adverbials of time, for example 'She arrived yesterday', 'She is arriving in the morning'
ACELA1483
Content description
Identify the effect on audiences of techniques, for example shot size, vertical camera angle and layout in picture books, advertisements and film segments
ELBE837
Elaboration
noting how the relationship between characters can be depicted in illustrations through: the positioning of the characters (for example facing each other or facing away from each other); the distance between them; the relative size; one character looking up (or down) at the other (power relationships); facial expressions and body gesture
ELBE838
Elaboration
observing how images construct a relationship with the viewer through such strategies as: direct gaze into the viewer's eyes, inviting involvement and how close ups are more engaging than distanced images, which can suggest alienation or loneliness
ACELA1484
Content description
Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbs
ELBE839
Elaboration
exploring examples of language which demonstrate a range of feelings and positions, and building a vocabulary to express judgments about characters or events, acknowledging that language and judgments might differ depending on the cultural context
ACELA1493
Content description
Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases
ELBE017
Elaboration
creating richer, more specific descriptions through the use of noun groups/phrases (for example, in narrative texts, 'their very old Siamese cat'; in reports, 'its extremely high mountain ranges')
ACELA1494
Content description
Investigate how quoted (direct) and reported (indirect) speech work in different types of text
ELBE902
Elaboration
investigating examples of quoted (direct) speech ('He said, "I'll go to the park today"') and reported (indirect) speech ('He told me he was going to the park today') and comparing similarities and differences
ACELA1495
Content description
Understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity
ELBE013
Elaboration
investigating in texts how adverb group/phrases and prepositional phrases can provide details of the circumstances surrounding a happening or state (for example, 'At midnight (time) he rose slowly (manner) from the chair (place) and went upstairs (place)'
ACELA1496
Content description
Explore the effect of choices when framing an image, placement of elements in the image, and salience on composition of still and moving images in a range of types of texts
ELBE904
Elaboration
examining visual and multimodal texts, building a vocabulary to describe visual elements and techniques such as framing, composition and visual point of view and beginning to understand how these choices impact on viewer response
ACELA1498
Content description
Incorporate new vocabulary from a range of sources into students' own texts including vocabulary encountered in research
ELBE905
Elaboration
building etymological knowledge about word origins (for example 'thermometer') and building vocabulary from research about technical and subject specific topics
ACELA1507
Content description
Understand the difference between main and subordinate clauses and that a complex sentence involves at least one subordinate clause
ELBE957
Elaboration
knowing that complex sentences make connections between ideas, such as: to provide a reason, for example 'He jumped up because the bell rang.'; to state a purpose, for example 'She raced home to confront her brother.'; to express a condition, for example 'It will break if you push it.'; to make a concession, for example 'She went to work even though she was not feeling well.'; to link two ideas in terms of various time relations, for example 'Nero fiddled while Rome burned.'
ELBE033
Elaboration
knowing that a complex sentence typically consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause
ACELA1508
Content description
Understand how noun groups/phrases and adjective groups/phrases can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of the person, place, thing or idea
ELBE024
Elaboration
learning how to expand a description by combining a related set of nouns and adjectives – 'Two old brown cattle dogs sat on the ruined front veranda of the deserted house'
ELBE023
Elaboration
observing how descriptive details can be built up around a noun or an adjective, forming a group/phrase (for example, 'this very smelly cleaning cloth in the sink' is a noun group/phrase and 'as pretty as the flowers in May' is an adjective group/phrase)
ACELA1511
Content description
Explain sequences of images in print texts and compare these to the ways hyperlinked digital texts are organised, explaining their effect on viewers' interpretations
ELBE960
Elaboration
interpreting narrative texts told as wordless picture books
ELBE961
Elaboration
identifying and comparing sequences of images revealed through different hyperlink choices
ACELA1512
Content description
Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts
ELBE962
Elaboration
moving from general, 'all-purpose' words, for example 'cut', to more specific words, for example 'slice', 'dice', 'fillet', 'segment'
ACELA1522
Content description
Investigate how complex sentences can be used in a variety of ways to elaborate, extend and explain ideas
ELBE034
Elaboration
investigating how the choice of conjunctions enables the construction of complex sentences to extend, elaborate and explain ideas, for example 'the town was flooded when the river broke its banks' and 'the town was flooded because the river broke its banks'
ACELA1523
Content description
Understand how ideas can be expanded and sharpened through careful choice of verbs, elaborated tenses and a range of adverb groups/phrases
ELBE031
Elaboration
knowing that verbs often represent actions and that the choice of more expressive verbs makes an action more vivid (for example 'She ate her lunch'; compared to 'She gobbled up her lunch')
ELBE028
Elaboration
knowing that adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases can provide important details about a happening(for example, 'At nine o'clock the buzzer rang loudly throughout the school') or state (for example, 'The tiger is a member of the cat family')
ELBE029
Elaboration
knowing the difference between the simple present tense (for example 'Pandas eat bamboo.') and the simple past tense (for example 'She replied.')
ELBE030
Elaboration
knowing that the simple present tense is typically used to talk about either present states (for example, 'He lives in Darwin') or actions that happen regularly in the present (for example, 'He watches television every night') or that represent 'timeless' happenings, as in information reports (for example, 'Bears hibernate in winter')
ELBE032
Elaboration
knowing that there are various ways in English to refer to future time, for example auxiliary 'will', as in 'She will call you tomorrow'; present tense, as in 'Tomorrow I leave for Hobart'; and adverbials of time, as in 'She arrives in the morning'
ACELA1524
Content description
Identify and explain how analytical images like figures, tables, diagrams, maps and graphs contribute to our understanding of verbal information in factual and persuasive texts
ELBE1020
Elaboration
observing how sequential events can be represented visually by a series of images, including comic strips, timelines, photo stories, procedure diagrams and flowcharts, life-cycle diagrams, and the flow of images in picture books
ELBE1021
Elaboration
observing how concepts, information and relationships can be represented visually through such images as tables, maps, graphs, diagrams, and icons
ACELA1525
Content description
Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion
ELBE1022
Elaboration
identifying (for example from reviews) the ways in which evaluative language is used to assess the qualities of the various aspects of the work in question
ACELA1534
Content description
Recognise and understand that subordinate clauses embedded within noun groups/phrases are a common feature of written sentence structures and increase the density of information
ELBE1074
Elaboration
identifying and experimenting with a range of clause types and discussing the effect of these in the expression and development of ideas
ACELA1536
Content description
Understand how modality is achieved through discriminating choices in modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns
ELBE1075
Elaboration
observing and discussing how a sense of certainty, probability and obligation is created in texts
ACELA1764
Content description
Analyse how point of view is generated in visual texts by means of choices, for example gaze, angle and social distance
ELBE1076
Elaboration
comparing choices for point of view in animations, advertisements and other persuasive texts
ELBE1077
Elaboration
comparing how different advertisements use visual elements to advertise the same product
ELBE1078
Elaboration
experimenting with digital storytelling conventions to create personal reflections on shared experiences
ACELA1537
Content description
Investigate vocabulary typical of extended and more academic texts and the role of abstract nouns, classification, description and generalisation in building specialised knowledge through language
ACELA1539
Content description
Understand how to use spelling rules and word origins, for example Greek and Latin roots, base words, suffixes, prefixes, spelling patterns and generalisations to learn new words and how to spell them
ACELA1545
Content description
Analyse and examine how effective authors control and use a variety of clause structures, including clauses embedded within the structure of a noun group/phrase or clause
ELBE1125
Elaboration
evaluating how speechmakers influence audiences though specific language features such as the use of embedded clauses to add information
ACELA1546
Content description
Understand the effect of nominalisation in the writing of informative and persuasive texts
ELBE1126
Elaboration
analysing formal and persuasive texts to identify and explain language choices such as nominalisation
ACELA1548
Content description
Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning
ELBE1127
Elaboration
comprehending a series of static images and combinations of language and images in a picture book, for example title, setting, characters, actions, as well as technical elements including position, size, colour, angle, framing, point of view
ELBE1128
Elaboration
analysing the relationship between visual elements and text in non-fiction texts such as documentaries, television news, online newspapers and digital magazines
ACELA1547
Content description
Recognise that vocabulary choices contribute to the specificity, abstraction and style of texts
ELBE1129
Elaboration
experimenting with vocabulary choices in a range of written and spoken texts and assessing the different effects these choices generate
ACELA1549
Content description
Understand how to apply learned knowledge consistently in order to spell accurately and to learn new words including nominalisations
ELBE1302
Elaboration
understanding the different ways complex words are constructed and, when spelling these words, drawing on morphemic knowledge and knowledge of unusual letter combinations
ACELA1557
Content description
Explain how authors creatively use the structures of sentences and clauses for particular effects
ELBE1179
Elaboration
identifying and analysing aspects of rhetoric in speeches drawn from contemporary and earlier contexts and students creating speeches of their own
ACELA1559
Content description
Understand how certain abstract nouns can be used to summarise preceding or subsequent stretches of text
ELBE1180
Elaboration
exploring sections of academic and technical texts and analysing the use of abstract nouns to compact and distil information, structure argument and summarise preceding explanations
ACELA1560
Content description
Analyse and explain the use of symbols, icons and myth in still and moving images and how these augment meaning
ELBE1181
Elaboration
investigating the use of symbols, for example the flag, the digger's hat and the Southern Cross in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers' understanding of issues, for example national identity, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups
ACELA1561
Content description
Identify how vocabulary choices contribute to specificity, abstraction and stylistic effectiveness
ELBE1182
Elaboration
comparing and contrasting vocabulary choices in informative and narrative texts, considering how they are used to create precise information, abstract ideas and/or stylistic interpretations of texts
ELBE1183
Elaboration
identifying examples of acronyms, abbreviations and proprietary words which are used creatively in texts
ACELA1562
Content description
Understand how spelling is used creatively in texts for particular effects, for example characterisation and humour and to represent accents and styles of speech
ACELA1569
Content description
Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts
ELBE040
Elaboration
recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses (for example, 'She made her way home because she was feeling ill' as compared with 'Because she was feeling ill, she made her way home') or parts of clauses (for example, 'The horses raced up from the valley' as compared with 'Up from the valley raced the horses')
ELBE042
Elaboration
recognising how the focus of a sentence can be changed through the use of the passive voice (for example compare active, 'The police had caught the thief.' with passive 'The thief had been caught.')
ELBE041
Elaboration
observing how authors sometimes use verbless clauses for effect (for example, 'And what about the other woman? With her long black eyelashes and red lipstick')
ELBE043
Elaboration
understanding that a sentence can begin with a coordinating conjunction for stylistic effect (for example, 'And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it')
ACELA1570
Content description
Analyse how higher order concepts are developed in complex texts through language features including nominalisation, clause combinations, technicality and abstraction
ELBE044
Elaboration
considering how nominalisation affects the way in which events are constructed and explained, making some information more explicit and other information less so
ELBE047
Elaboration
analysing how logical relations between ideas are built up by combining main with subordinate clauses indicating cause, result, manner, concession, condition, and so on (for example, 'Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his life (concession), Keats' reputation grew substantially after his death')
ELBE045
Elaboration
noting how technicality allows for efficient reference to shared knowledge, indicating growing expertise in the field (for example, 'The Romantic poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes.')
ELBE046
Elaboration
observing how abstraction allows for greater generalisation at a higher level (for example, 'the political, religious, social and economic features of the society' – which is an abstract noun group/phrase)
ACELA1572
Content description
Evaluate the impact on audiences of different choices in the representation of still and moving images
ELBE1252
Elaboration
experimenting with aspects of visual texts to establish different nuances, for example evaluating the impact of the movement of camera or light in moving images
ACELA1571
Content description
Refine vocabulary choices to discriminate between shades of meaning, with deliberate attention to the effect on audiences
ELBE1253
Elaboration
creating texts that demand complex processes of responding, for example the inclusion of symbolism in advertising, foreshadowing in documentary and irony in humorous texts
ACELA1573
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of the spelling system to spell unusual and technical words accurately, for example those based on uncommon Greek and Latin roots
Year level sub-strand
Phonics and word knowledge
ACELA1439
Content description
Recognise and generate rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
ELBE1373
Elaboration
recognising and producing rhyming words when listening to rhyming stories or rhymes, for example 'funny' and 'money'
ELBE1374
Elaboration
identifying patterns of alliteration in spoken words, for example 'helpful Henry'
ELBE1375
Elaboration
identifying syllables in spoken words, for example clapping the rhythm of 'Mon-day', 'Ja-cob' or 'Si-en-na'
ACELA1440
Content description
Recognise and name all upper and lower case letters (graphemes) and know the most common sound that each letter represents
ELBE577
Elaboration
using familiar and common letters in handwritten and digital communications
ELBE1376
Elaboration
identifying familiar and recurring letters and the use of upper and lower case in written texts in the classroom and the community, for example 'Tom went to the park.'
ACELA1438
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of letters and sounds including onset and rime to spell words
ELBE1369
Elaboration
recognising the most common sound made by each letter of the alphabet, including consonants and short vowel sounds, for example 'p-op'
ELBE1370
Elaboration
breaking words into onset and rime, noticing words that share the same pattern, for example 'p-at', 'b-at'
ELBE1371
Elaboration
breaking words into onset and rime to learn how to spell words that share the same pattern, for example 'p-at', 'b-at', 't-all' and 'f-all'
ELBE1372
Elaboration
building word families using onset and rime, for example 'h-ot', 'g-ot', 'n-ot', 'sh-ot'
ACELA1817
Content description
Know how to read and write some high-frequency words and other familiar words
ELBE1343
Elaboration
knowing how to write some high-frequency words recognised in shared texts and texts being read independently, for example 'and', 'my', 'is', 'the' and 'went'
ELBE1344
Elaboration
knowing how to write students' own names and those of other familiar people
ACELA1818
Content description
Understand that words are units of meaning and can be made of more than one meaningful part
ELBE1345
Elaboration
learning that words are made up of meaningful parts, for example 'dogs' has two meaningful parts 'dog' and 's' meaning more than one
ACELA1819
Content description
Segment sentences into individual words and orally blend and segment onset and rime in single syllable spoken words, and isolate, blend and manipulate phonemes in single syllable words
ELBE1346
Elaboration
identifying and manipulating sounds (phonemes) in spoken words, for example 'c-a-n'
ELBE1347
Elaboration
identifying onset and rime in one-syllable spoken words, for example 'd-og' and 'b-ig'
ELBE1348
Elaboration
blending phonemes to form one-syllable spoken words, for example 's-u-n' is orally expressed as 'sun' and 'b-a-g' is orally expressed as 'bag'
ACELA1820
Content description
Write consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words by representing some sounds with the appropriate letters, and blend sounds associated with letters when reading CVC words
ELBE1349
Elaboration
listening to hear that children use letters/sounds (when necessary) to help them read CVC words and hear and record appropriate sounds associated with letters when writing CVC words, for example 'kat' for 'cat'
ACELA1457
Content description
Manipulate phonemes in spoken words by addition, deletion and substitution of initial, medial and final phonemes to generate new words
ELBE1377
Elaboration
recognising words that start with a given sound, or end with a given sound, or have a given medial sound, for example 'b-e-d' and 'l-e-g'
ELBE1378
Elaboration
replacing initial sounds in spoken words, for example replace the 'm' in 'mat' with 'c' to form a new word 'cat'
ELBE1379
Elaboration
deleting initial onset sound in spoken words, for example delete the 'f' from 'farm' to make a new word 'arm'
ELBE1380
Elaboration
substituting medial sounds in spoken words to make new words, for example 'pin', 'pen', 'pan'
ELBE1381
Elaboration
substituting final sounds in spoken words, for example substitute the 't' in 'pet' with 'g' to form a new word 'peg'
ACELA1458
Content description
Use short vowels, common long vowels, consonant digraphs and consonant blends when writing, and blend these to read single syllable words
ELBE1382
Elaboration
using knowledge of letters and sounds to write words with short vowels, for example 'man', and common long vowel sounds, for example 'cake'
ELBE1383
Elaboration
using knowledge of letters sounds to write single-syllable words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends, for example 'wish' and 'rest'
ACELA1459
Content description
Understand that a letter can represent more than one sound and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound
ELBE672
Elaboration
recognising that letters can have more than one sound, for example the letter 'u' in 'cut', 'put', 'use' and the letter 'a' in 'cat', 'father', 'any'
ELBE673
Elaboration
recognising sounds that can be produced by different letters, for example the 's' sound in 'sat' and 'cent'
ACELA1778
Content description
Understand how to spell one and two syllable words with common letter patterns
ELBE662
Elaboration
writing one-syllable words containing known blends, for example 'bl' and 'st'
ACELA1455
Content description
Recognise and know how to use simple grammatical morphemes to create word families
ELBE664
Elaboration
building word families from common morphemes, for example 'play', 'plays', 'playing', 'played', 'playground'
ELBE665
Elaboration
using morphemes to read words, for example by recognising the base word in words such as 'walk-ed'
ACELA1821
Content description
Use visual memory to read and write high-frequency words
ELBE1351
Elaboration
learning an increasing number of high-frequency words recognised in shared texts and texts being read independently, for example 'one', 'have', 'them' and 'about'
ACELA1822
Content description
Segment consonant blends or clusters into separate phonemes at the beginnings and ends of one syllable words
ELBE1352
Elaboration
saying sounds in order for a given spoken word, for example 's-p-oo-n' and 'f-i-s-t'
ELBE1353
Elaboration
segmenting blends at the beginning and end of given words, for example 'b-l-ue' and 'd-u-s-t'
ACELA1474
Content description
Orally manipulate more complex sounds in spoken words through knowledge of blending and segmenting sounds, phoneme deletion and substitution in combination with use of letters in reading and writing
ELBE1387
Elaboration
blending and segmenting sounds in words, for example 'b-r-o-th-er' or 'c-l-ou-d-y'
ELBE1388
Elaboration
deleting and substituting sounds in spoken words to form new words, for example delete the 'scr' in 'scratch', and then form new words 'catch', 'batch' and 'hatch'
ACELA1471
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of digraphs, long vowels, blends and silent letters to spell one and two syllable words including some compound words
ELBE1384
Elaboration
using knowledge of known words to spell unknown words, for example using the word 'thumb' to spell the word 'crumb'
ELBE1385
Elaboration
exploring compound words by discussing the meaningful parts, for example the spelling and meaning of 'homemade' is informed by two smaller words 'home' and 'made'
ELBE1386
Elaboration
drawing on knowledge of letter-sound relationships, for example breaking a word into syllables, then recording the sounds heard and thinking about the letter patterns that represent the sounds
ACELA1472
Content description
Build morphemic word families using knowledge of prefixes and suffixes
ELBE764
Elaboration
discussing how a prefix or suffix affects meaning, for example in the word 'paint-er' the suffix 'er' means 'one who', so a painter is 'one who paints'
ACELA1823
Content description
Use knowledge of letter patterns and morphemes to read and write high-frequency words and words whose spelling is not predictable from their sounds
ELBE1355
Elaboration
using known words in writing and spelling unknown words using morphemic knowledge of letter patterns and morphemes, for example the words 'sometimes', 'something' and 'anything'
ELBE1356
Elaboration
using known words in writing and spelling unknown words using morphemic knowledge of letter patterns and morphemes, for example the words 'one', 'once', 'only' and 'lone'
ACELA1824
Content description
Use most letter-sound matches including vowel digraphs, less common long vowel patterns, letter clusters and silent letters when reading and writing words of one or more syllable
ELBE1357
Elaboration
recognising when some letters are silent, for example 'knife' and 'thumb'
ELBE1358
Elaboration
providing the sound for less common letter-sound matches, for example 'ight' and using them in writing
ACELA1825
Content description
Understand that a sound can be represented by various letter combinations
ELBE1359
Elaboration
recognising sounds that can be produced by different letters, for example the long 'a' sound in 'wait', 'stay', 'able' and 'make'
ACELA1485
Content description
Understand how to use letter-sound relationships and less common letter patterns to spell words
ELBE1389
Elaboration
using sound and visual spelling strategies to explore less common letter patterns after a short vowel, for example words that end in 'dge' such as 'badge', 'edge', 'fridge', 'dodge' and 'smudge'
ELBE1390
Elaboration
using sound and visual spelling strategies to spell words with three-letter blends, for example 'str-ip'
ACELA1486
Content description
Recognise and know how to write most high frequency words including some homophones
ELBE1391
Elaboration
drawing on meaning and context to spell single-syllable homophones, for example 'break' or 'brake' and 'ate' or 'eight'
ACELA1826
Content description
Understand how to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships, syllables, and blending and segmenting to fluently read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter patterns
ELBE1361
Elaboration
reading and writing more complex words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends, for example 'shrinking', 'against' and 'rocket'
ELBE1362
Elaboration
reading and writing consonant digraphs representing different sounds, for example 'machine', 'change' and 'school'
ACELA1827
Content description
Know how to use common prefixes and suffixes, and generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word
ELBE1363
Elaboration
exploring generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word to form a plural or past tense, for example to make a word plural when it ends in 'ss', 'sh', 'ch' or 'z', add 'es'
ACELA1779
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of letter patterns including double letters, spelling generalisations, morphemic word families, common prefixes and suffixes and word origins to spell more complex words
ELBE1402
Elaboration
applying generalisations for adding affixes, for example 'hope' and 'hoping', 'begin' and 'beginning', 'country' and 'countries'
ELBE1403
Elaboration
building morphemic word families and exploring word origins, for example the prefix 'nat' means source, birth or tribe in 'nature', 'natural' and 'native'
ELBE1404
Elaboration
building morphemic word families and exploring word origins, for example 'tricycle', 'triangle' and 'triple'
ELBE1405
Elaboration
using knowledge of common prefixes and suffixes to spell words and explore their meaning, for example 'friendly', 'calmly' and 'cleverly' and 'misfortune'
ACELA1780
Content description
Read and write a large core of high frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling
ELBE909
Elaboration
using meaning and context to determine the spelling of homophones, for example 'there' and 'their'; 'no' and 'know'
ACELA1828
Content description
Understand how to use phonic knowledge to read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter combinations, including a variety of vowel sounds and known prefixes and suffixes
ELBE1364
Elaboration
using phonic generalisations to read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter combinations, for example 'straightaway' and 'thoughtful'
ELBE1365
Elaboration
recognising unstressed vowels in multisyllabic words and how these vowel sounds are written, for example 'builder' and 'animal'
ELBE1366
Elaboration
using knowledge of sounds and visual patterns to read and write more complex letter combinations that have multiple representations in writing, for example 'boy' and 'boil', 'howl' and 'foul', 'taught 'and 'saw'
ACELA1513
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of known words, base words, prefixes and suffixes, word origins, letter patterns and spelling generalisations to spell new words
ELBE964
Elaboration
talking about how suffixes change over time and new forms are invented to reflect changing attitudes to gender, for example 'policewoman' or 'salesperson'
ELBE1392
Elaboration
using knowledge of known words and base words to spell new words, for example the spelling and meaning connections between 'vision', 'television' and 'revision'
ELBE1393
Elaboration
learning that many complex words were originally hyphenated but are now written without a hyphen, for example 'uncommon, 'renew', 'email' and 'refine'
ELBE1394
Elaboration
applying knowledge of spelling generalisations to spell new words, for example 'suitable', 'likeable' and 'collapsible'
ACELA1514
Content description
Explore less common plurals, and understand how a suffix changes the meaning or grammatical form of a word
ELBE965
Elaboration
Using knowledge of word origins and roots and related words to interpret and spell unfamiliar words, and learning about how these roots impact on plurals, for example 'cactus' and 'cacti', 'louse' and 'lice'
ELBE1395
Elaboration
understanding how some suffixes change the grammatical form of words, for example 'tion' and 'ment' can change verbs into nouns, 'protect' to 'protection', 'develop' to 'development'
ACELA1829
Content description
Understand how to use phonic knowledge to read and write less familiar words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations
ELBE1367
Elaboration
recognising and writing less familiar words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations, for example 'journey', 'your', 'tour' and 'sour'
ACELA1526
Content description
Understand how to use knowledge of known words, word origins including some Latin and Greek roots, base words, prefixes, suffixes, letter patterns and spelling generalisations to spell new words including technical words
ELBE1396
Elaboration
using a dictionary to explore and use knowledge of word origins, including some Greek roots, to spell words. For example, the Greek roots: 'ath' meaning 'contest' or 'outstanding skill', 'pent' meaning the number five, and 'dec' meaning the number ten, inform the spelling and meaning of the words 'athlete', 'decathlon' and 'pentathlon'
ELBE1397
Elaboration
applying accumulated knowledge of a wide range of letter patterns and spelling generalisations to spell new words, for example 'vacuum', 'yacht', 'ratio' and 'synthesis'
ELBE1398
Elaboration
expanding knowledge of prefixes and suffixes and exploring meaning relationships between words for example 'disappearance', 'submarine', 'subterranean', 'poisonous' and 'nervous'
ELBE1399
Elaboration
applying accumulated knowledge of a wide range of letter patterns and spelling generalisations to spell new words, for example knowing how and why these words are spelt as follows: 'reliability', 'handkerchief' 'receive', 'lollies', 'trolleys', 'climbing', 'designed' and 'emergency'
ELBE1400
Elaboration
spelling technical words by applying morphemic knowledge, for example 'metaphorical', 'biology' and 'biodegradable'
ELBE1401
Elaboration
learning about words from other languages, for example 'umbrella' comes from the Italian word ombrello, and the word for 'yabby' is derived from the Aboriginal word 'yabij'
ACELA1830
Content description
Understand how to use phonic knowledge and accumulated understandings about blending, letter-sound relationships, common and uncommon letter patterns and phonic generalisations to read and write increasingly complex words
ELBE1368
Elaboration
using phonic generalisations to read and write complex words with uncommon letter patterns, for example 'pneumonia', 'resuscitate' and 'vegetation'
Year level strand
Literature
Year level sub-strand
Literature and context
ACELT1575
Content description
Recognise that texts are created by authors who tell stories and share experiences that may be similar or different to students' own experiences
ELBE578
Elaboration
recognising that there are storytellers in all cultures
ELBE579
Elaboration
viewing stories by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander storytellers from online sources
ELBE580
Elaboration
comparing experiences depicted in stories with students' own
ELBE581
Elaboration
engaging with texts that reflect the social and cultural groups to which students belong
ACELT1581
Content description
Discuss how authors create characters using language and images
ELBE674
Elaboration
identifying similarities between texts from different cultural traditions, for example representations of dragons in traditional European and Asian texts
ELBE1305
Elaboration
identifying how spiritual beings are represented in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories
ELBE675
Elaboration
identifying some features of characters and how particular words and images convey qualities of their nature, for example some characters are portrayed as shy, others adventurous
ELBE676
Elaboration
discussing the characters of fictional animals and how they relate to those of humans
ACELT1587
Content description
Discuss how depictions of characters in print, sound and images reflect the contexts in which they were created
ELBE766
Elaboration
exploring iconography of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures
ELBE767
Elaboration
recognising recurring characters, settings and themes in Dreaming stories experienced through texts, films and online sources
ELBE768
Elaboration
discussing moral and teaching stories from varied cultures, identifying and comparing their central messages
ACELT1594
Content description
Discuss texts in which characters, events and settings are portrayed in different ways, and speculate on the authors' reasons
ELBE008
Elaboration
reading texts in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children/young people are the central characters/protagonists and making links to students' own lives, noting similarities
ELBE009
Elaboration
exploring the ways that the same story can be told in many cultures, identifying variations in the storyline and in music (for example 'The Ramayana' story which is told to children in India, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Laos, Tibet and Malaysia)
ACELT1602
Content description
Make connections between the ways different authors may represent similar storylines, ideas and relationships
ELBE910
Elaboration
commenting on how authors have established setting and period in different cultures and times and the relevance of characters, actions and beliefs to their own time
ELBE911
Elaboration
comparing different authors' treatment of similar themes and text patterns, for example comparing fables and allegories from different cultures and quest novels by different authors
ACELT1608
Content description
Identify aspects of literary texts that convey details or information about particular social, cultural and historical contexts
ELBE966
Elaboration
describing how aspects of literature, for example visuals, symbolic elements, dialogue and character descriptions, can convey information about cultural elements, such as beliefs, traditions and customs
ELBE967
Elaboration
identifying variability within cultural contexts in literary texts, recognising the diversity of people's experiences within a cultural group such as differences in setting and lifestyle between urban and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
ACELT1613
Content description
Make connections between students' own experiences and those of characters and events represented in texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts
ELBE1025
Elaboration
recognising the influence our different historical, social and cultural experiences may have on the meaning we make from the text and the attitudes we may develop towards characters, actions and events
ACELT1619
Content description
Identify and explore ideas and viewpoints about events, issues and characters represented in texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts
ELBE039
Elaboration
building knowledge, understanding and skills in relation to the history, culture, and literary heritage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
ELBE038
Elaboration
identifying and explaining differences between points of view in texts, for example contrasting the city and the bush or different perspectives based on culture, gender or age
ACELT1626
Content description
Explore the ways that ideas and viewpoints in literary texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts may reflect or challenge the values of individuals and groups
ELBE1130
Elaboration
investigating texts about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history from different sources and explaining differing viewpoints
ELBE1131
Elaboration
comparing attitudes and ideas in texts drawn from contexts that are different to students' own
ACELT1806
Content description
Explore the interconnectedness of Country/Place, People, Identity and Culture in texts including those by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors
ELBE1303
Elaboration
identifying and describing the ways films suggest Country/Place and Identity through language features such as image, soundtrack and narrative control
ELBE1132
Elaboration
selecting aspects of a text related to Country/Place, People, Identity and Culture and adapt it for a new context, noting if changes in one aspect will result in changes in another
ELBE1133
Elaboration
explaining how individual interpretations of these aspects are influenced by students' own knowledge, values and cultural assumptions
ACELT1633
Content description
Interpret and compare how representations of people and culture in literary texts are drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts
ELBE1184
Elaboration
exploring and reflecting on representations of values (for example love, freedom, integrity) in literature drawn from cultures and times different from the students' own
ELBE1185
Elaboration
exploring and reflecting on personal understanding of the world and human experience, interpreted in literature drawn from cultures and times different from the students' own
ELBE1186
Elaboration
reviewing historical fiction or nonfiction written by and about the peoples of Asia
ELBE1187
Elaboration
analysing literary texts created by and about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (including documentaries, picture books, print texts and other multimodal texts) and also texts including film produced by and about peoples of Asian background, and considering the different ways these texts represent people, places, things and issues
ACELT1639
Content description
Compare and evaluate a range of representations of individuals and groups in different historical, social and cultural contexts
ELBE1254
Elaboration
investigating and analysing the ways cultural stories may be retold and adapted across a range of contexts such as the 'Cinderella' story and the 'anti-hero'
ELBE1255
Elaboration
imaginatively adapting texts from an earlier time or different social context for a new audience
ELBE1256
Elaboration
exploring and reflecting on personal understanding of the world and human experience gained from interpreting literature drawn from cultures and times different from the students' own
Year level sub-strand
Responding to literature
ACELT1577
Content description
Respond to texts, identifying favourite stories, authors and illustrators
ELBE582
Elaboration
talking about stories and authors, choosing favourites, discussing how students feel about what happens in stories
ELBE583
Elaboration
engaging with the humour in some stories and repeating favourite lines, jokes and ideas
ELBE584
Elaboration
returning to preferred texts and commenting on reasons for selection
ACELT1783
Content description
Share feelings and thoughts about the events and characters in texts
ELBE585
Elaboration
talking about stories and authors, choosing favourites, discussing how students feel about what happens in stories
ELBE586
Elaboration
using art forms and beginning forms of writing to express personal responses to literature and film experiences
ELBE587
Elaboration
talking about people, events and ideas in texts, enabling students to connect them to their own experiences and to express their own opinions about what is depicted
ACELT1582
Content description
Discuss characters and events in a range of literary texts and share personal responses to these texts, making connections with students' own experiences
ELBE677
Elaboration
discussing characters from books and films and whether these are life-like or imaginary (for example talking animals)
ELBE678
Elaboration
comparing characters and events in texts to students' own experiences
ACELT1583
Content description
Express preferences for specific texts and authors and listen to the opinions of others
ELBE679
Elaboration
sharing favourite texts and authors and some reasons for preferences
ELBE680
Elaboration
discussing different texts and considering what is entertaining or appealing and why
ELBE681
Elaboration
using arts methods and role play to express personal responses to characters and events in stories
ELBE683
Elaboration
identifying who is telling the story in different texts
ACELT1589
Content description
Compare opinions about characters, events and settings in and between texts
ELBE770
Elaboration
discussing each others' preferences for stories set in familiar or unfamiliar worlds, or about people whose lives are like or unlike their own
ACELT1590
Content description
Identify aspects of different types of literary texts that entertain, and give reasons for personal preferences
ELBE771
Elaboration
describing features of texts from different cultures including recurring language patterns, style of illustrations, elements of humour or drama, and identifying the features which give rise to their personal preferences
ELBE772
Elaboration
connecting the feelings and behaviours of animals in anthropomorphic stories with human emotions and relationships
ELBE773
Elaboration
drawing, writing and using digital technologies to capture and communicate favourite characters and events
ACELT1596
Content description
Draw connections between personal experiences and the worlds of texts, and share responses with others
ELBE844
Elaboration
discussing relevant prior knowledge and past experiences to make meaningful connections to the people, places, events, issues and ideas in the text
ELBE845
Elaboration
exploring texts that highlight issues and problems in making moral decisions and discussing these with others
ELBE846
Elaboration
drawing on literature from Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or Asian cultures, to explore commonalities of experience and ideas as well as recognising difference in lifestyle and world view
ACELT1598
Content description
Develop criteria for establishing personal preferences for literature
ELBE847
Elaboration
building a conscious understanding of preference regarding topics and genres of personal interest (for example humorous short stories, school and family stories, mysteries, fantasy and quest, series books)
ELBE848
Elaboration
selecting and discussing favourite texts and explaining their reasons for assigning greater or lesser merit to particular texts or types of texts
ACELT1603
Content description
Discuss literary experiences with others, sharing responses and expressing a point of view
ELBE912
Elaboration
sharing and discussing students' own and others' understanding of the effects of particular literary techniques on their appreciation of texts
ELBE913
Elaboration
drawing comparisons between multiple texts and students' own experiences. Commenting orally, in written form and in digital reviews on aspects such as: 'Do I recognise this in my own world?'; 'How is this text similar to or different from other texts I've read?'; 'How common is it to human experience in the real world?'; 'What new ideas does it bring?'; 'How do they fit with what I believe?'
ACELT1604
Content description
Use metalanguage to describe the effects of ideas, text structures and language features of literary texts
ELBE915
Elaboration
examining the author's description of a character's appearance, behaviour and speech and noting how the character's development is evident through his or her dialogue and changing relationships and the reactions of other characters to him or her
ELBE914
Elaboration
sharing views using appropriate metalanguage (for example 'The use of the adjectives in describing the character really helps to create images for the reader')
ACELT1609
Content description
Present a point of view about particular literary texts using appropriate metalanguage, and reflecting on the viewpoints of others
ELBE1295
Elaboration
posing and discussing questions, such as 'Should this character have behaved as they did?', and beginning to make balanced judgments about the dilemmas characters face and relative merit and harm
ACELT1795
Content description
Use metalanguage to describe the effects of ideas, text structures and language features on particular audiences
ELBE1296
Elaboration
orally, in writing or using digital media, giving a considered interpretation and opinion about a literary text, recognising that a student's view may not be shared by others and that others have equal claims to divergent views
ACELT1614
Content description
Analyse and evaluate similarities and differences in texts on similar topics, themes or plots
ELBE1027
Elaboration
exploring texts on a similar topic by authors with very different styles, for example comparing fantasy quest novels or realistic novels on a specific theme, identifying differences in the use of narrator, narrative structure and voice and language style and register
ACELT1615
Content description
Identify and explain how choices in language, for example modality, emphasis, repetition and metaphor, influence personal response to different texts
ELBE027
Elaboration
noting how degrees of possibility are opened up through the use of modal verbs (for example, 'It may be a solution' as compared to 'It could be a solution'), as well as through other resources such as adverbs (for example, 'It's possibly/probably/certainly a solution'), adjectives (for example, 'It's a possible/probable/certain solution'); and nouns (for example, 'It's a possibility/probability')
ACELT1620
Content description
Reflect on ideas and opinions about characters, settings and events in literary texts, identifying areas of agreement and difference with others and justifying a point of view
ELBE1082
Elaboration
exploring concepts about the criteria for heroism and testing these criteria in a range of texts, including more complex ones where the hero may be flawed
ELBE1083
Elaboration
establishing forums for discussing the relative merits of fiction and film texts
ELBE1084
Elaboration
comparing personal viewpoints on texts and justifying responses in actual and virtual discussions
ACELT1621
Content description
Compare the ways that language and images are used to create character, and to influence emotions and opinions in different types of texts
ELBE1085
Elaboration
identifying stereotypes, prejudice and oversimplifications in texts
ELBE1086
Elaboration
exploring ethical issues in literary texts drawing on a range of examples from the texts to illustrate and substantiate the views expressed
ACELT1803
Content description
Discuss aspects of texts, for example their aesthetic and social value, using relevant and appropriate metalanguage
ACELT1627
Content description
Share, reflect on, clarify and evaluate opinions and arguments about aspects of literary texts
ELBE1134
Elaboration
discussing the relative merits of literary texts and comparing and evaluating personal viewpoints on texts
ACELT1628
Content description
Understand and explain how combinations of words and images in texts are used to represent particular groups in society, and how texts position readers in relation to those groups
ELBE1135
Elaboration
recognising the similarities and differences between types of texts (for example a complex picture book and a feature film) in order to understand how different combinations of words and images lead readers to interpret visual texts in particular ways, according to audience, purpose and context
ACELT1807
Content description
Recognise and explain differing viewpoints about the world, cultures, individual people and concerns represented in texts
ELBE1136
Elaboration
analysing arguments for and against a particular issue in current community debates and justifying a personal stance
ACELT1771
Content description
Present an argument about a literary text based on initial impressions and subsequent analysis of the whole text
ELBE1188
Elaboration
interrogating and making judgments about a text, comparing others' ideas against the student's own and reaching an independent decision or shared consensus about the interpretations and ideas expressed
ACELT1634
Content description
Reflect on, discuss and explore notions of literary value and how and why such notions vary according to context
ELBE1189
Elaboration
reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including plot events, setting details, characterisation, themes, structure and language devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that characterise merit
ELBE1190
Elaboration
discussing, debating and evaluating the cinematic qualities and success of a film or new versions of a film
ELBE1191
Elaboration
exploring the ways that context has shaped the representation of particular cultures, such as through the analysis of differing viewpoints in texts about different cultures or by comparing the ways texts from different periods reveal differences in viewpoints (for example differences in the portrayal of migrants in traditional and more contemporary literature)
ACELT1635
Content description
Explore and reflect on personal understanding of the world and significant human experience gained from interpreting various representations of life matters in texts
ELBE1192
Elaboration
establishing a wide reading list on a particular issue based on personal preference and establishing reasons for the inclusion of these texts
ACELT1640
Content description
Reflect on, extend, endorse or refute others' interpretations of and responses to literature
ELBE1257
Elaboration
determining, through debate, whether a text possesses universal qualities and remains relevant
ELBE1258
Elaboration
presenting arguments based on close textual analysis to support an interpretation of a text, for example writing an essay or creating a set of director's notes
ELBE1259
Elaboration
creating personal reading lists in a variety of genres and explain why the texts qualify for inclusion on a particular list
ELBE1260
Elaboration
reflecting upon and asking questions about interpretations of texts relevant to a student's cultural background
ACELT1641
Content description
Analyse and explain how text structures, language features and visual features of texts and the context in which texts are experienced may influence audience response
ELBE1262
Elaboration
looking at a range of texts to consider how the use of a structural device, for example a female narrator, may influence female readers/viewers/listeners to respond sympathetically to an event or issue
ACELT1812
Content description
Evaluate the social, moral and ethical positions represented in texts
ELBE1261
Elaboration
identifying and analysing ethical positions on a current issue debated in blogs or online discussion forums, including values and/or principles involved and the strengths and weaknesses of the position in the context of the issue
Year level sub-strand
Examining literature
ACELT1578
Content description
Identify some features of texts including events and characters and retell events from a text
ELBE588
Elaboration
identifying some features of culture related to characters and events in literary texts, for example dress, food and daily routines
ELBE589
Elaboration
listening, responding to and joining in with rhymes, poems, chants and songs
ACELT1785
Content description
Recognise some different types of literary texts and identify some characteristic features of literary texts, for example beginnings and endings of traditional texts and rhyme in poetry
ELBE590
Elaboration
recognising cultural patterns of storytelling, for example 'Once upon a time', 'A long, long time ago'
ACELT1579
Content description
Replicate the rhythms and sound patterns in stories, rhymes, songs and poems from a range of cultures
ELBE591
Elaboration
using music and actions to enhance appreciation of rhymes, poems, chants and songs
ELBE592
Elaboration
reciting rhymes with actions
ACELT1584
Content description
Discuss features of plot, character and setting in different types of literature and explore some features of characters in different texts
ELBE684
Elaboration
examining different types of literature including traditional tales, humorous stories and poetry
ELBE685
Elaboration
discussing similarities and differences between texts ( for example features of main characters in different stories)
ELBE686
Elaboration
discussing features of book settings including time (year, season) and place (country or city, realistic or imagined)
ELBE687
Elaboration
discussing how plots develop including: beginnings (orientation), how the problem (complication) is introduced and solved (resolution)
ACELT1585
Content description
Listen to, recite and perform poems, chants, rhymes and songs, imitating and inventing sound patterns including alliteration and rhyme
ELBE688
Elaboration
exploring performance poetry, chants and songs from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Asian cultures
ELBE689
Elaboration
listening to and performing simple haiku poems about familiar topics such as nature and the seasons
ACELT1591
Content description
Discuss the characters and settings of different texts and explore how language is used to present these features in different ways
ELBE774
Elaboration
describing features of text settings including time, colours used to portray year, season, and place (country or city) and how this impacts on the characters
ELBE775
Elaboration
describing plots including beginnings (orientation), how the problem (complication) is introduced and solved (resolution), and considering how these features construct meanings
ELBE776
Elaboration
identifying features of imaginary or fantasy texts, for example magic powers, shifts in time
ELBE777
Elaboration
investigating Aboriginal stories, found from online sources, that explain physical features of the landscape and identify and describe the common features of language used
ELBE778
Elaboration
comparing two or more versions of the same story by different authors or from different cultures, describing similarities and differences in authors' points of view
ACELT1592
Content description
Identify, reproduce and experiment with rhythmic, sound and word patterns in poems, chants, rhymes and songs
ELBE779
Elaboration
exploring poems, chants, rhymes or songs from different cultures which class members may bring from home
ELBE780
Elaboration
learning to recite, sing or create interpretations of poems, chants, rhymes or songs from students' own and other different cultures
ACELT1599
Content description
Discuss how language is used to describe the settings in texts, and explore how the settings shape the events and influence the mood of the narrative
ELBE849
Elaboration
identifying and discussing the use of descriptive adjectives ('in the middle of a vast, bare plain') to establish setting and atmosphere ('the castle loomed dark and forbidding') and to draw readers into events that follow
ELBE850
Elaboration
discussing the language used to describe the traits of characters in stories, their actions and motivations: 'Claire was so lonely; she desperately wanted a pet and she was afraid she would do anything, just anything, to have one to care for'
ACELT1600
Content description
Discuss the nature and effects of some language devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader's reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose
ELBE851
Elaboration
identifying the effect of imagery in texts, for example the use of imagery related to nature in haiku poems
ELBE852
Elaboration
exploring how rhythm, onomatopoeia and alliteration give momentum to poetry and prose read aloud, and enhance enjoyment
ACELT1605
Content description
Discuss how authors and illustrators make stories exciting, moving and absorbing and hold readers' interest by using various techniques, for example character development and plot tension
ELBE1300
Elaboration
examining the author's description of a character's appearance, behaviour and speech and noting how the character's development is evident through his or her dialogue and changing relationships and the reactions of other characters to him or her
ELBE916
Elaboration
identifying pivotal points in the plot where characters are faced with choices and commenting on how the author makes us care about their decisions and consequences
ACELT1606
Content description
Understand, interpret and experiment with a range of devices and deliberate word play in poetry and other literary texts, for example nonsense words, spoonerisms, neologisms and puns
ELBE917
Elaboration
defining spoonerisms, neologisms and puns and exploring how they are used by authors to create a sense of freshness, originality and playfulness
ELBE918
Elaboration
discussing poetic language, including unusual adjectival use and how it engages us emotionally and brings to life the poet's subject matter, for example 'He grasps the crag with crooked hands' (Alfred, Lord Tennyson); 'Wee ... tim'rous beastie' (Robert Burns)
ACELT1610
Content description
Recognise that ideas in literary texts can be conveyed from different viewpoints, which can lead to different kinds of interpretations and responses
ELBE968
Elaboration
identifying the narrative voice (the person or entity through whom the audience experiences the story) in a literary work, discussing the impact of first person narration on empathy and engagement
ELBE969
Elaboration
examining texts written from different narrative points of view and discussing what information the audience can access, how this impacts on the audience's sympathies, and why an author might choose a particular narrative point of view
ELBE970
Elaboration
examining the narrative voice in texts from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions, which include perspectives of animals and spirits, about how we should care for the Earth, for example reflecting on how this affects significance, interpretation and response
ACELT1611
Content description
Understand, interpret and experiment with sound devices and imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, in narratives, shape poetry, songs, anthems and odes
ELBE971
Elaboration
discussing how figurative language including simile and metaphor can make use of a comparison between different things, for example 'My love is like a red, red rose'; 'Tyger!, Tyger! burning bright, In the forests of the night'; and how by appealing to the imagination, it provides new ways of looking at the world
ELBE972
Elaboration
investigating the qualities of contemporary protest songs, for example those about Indigenous peoples and those about the environment
ACELT1616
Content description
Identify, describe, and discuss similarities and differences between texts, including those by the same author or illustrator, and evaluate characteristics that define an author's individual style
ELBE1029
Elaboration
exploring two or more texts by the same author, drawing out the similarities, for example subject or theme, characterisation, text structure, plot development, tone, vocabulary, sense of voice, narrative point of view, favoured grammatical structures and visual techniques in sophisticated picture books
ACELT1617
Content description
Identify the relationship between words, sounds, imagery and language patterns in narratives and poetry such as ballads, limericks and free verse
ELBE1030
Elaboration
identifying how language choice and imagery build emotional connection and engagement with the story or theme
ELBE1031
Elaboration
describing how a character's experience expressed through a verse novel impacts on students personally, how the author controls the revelation of the experiences and how the verse story builds meaning to its climax when we understand the whole
ACELT1622
Content description
Recognise and analyse the ways that characterisation, events and settings are combined in narratives, and discuss the purposes and appeal of different approaches
ELBE1087
Elaboration
analysing and explaining the structure and features of short stories discussing the purposes and appeal of different authorial choices for structure and language
ELBE1088
Elaboration
exploring traditional stories from Asia and discussing their engaging features, for example use of the oral mode, visual elements, verse, use of puppets to convey the narrative
ELBE1089
Elaboration
analysing writers' depictions of challenges in texts, for example those faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
ELBE1090
Elaboration
discussing a text's intended audience, whether the text is typical of its type and whether it has fulfilled its purpose
ACELT1623
Content description
Understand, interpret and discuss how language is compressed to produce a dramatic effect in film or drama, and to create layers of meaning in poetry, for example haiku, tankas, couplets, free verse and verse novels
ELBE1091
Elaboration
experiencing the sound and rhythm of poetry, and using metalanguage, for example 'refrain' and 'chant', to discuss the layers of meaning that are created
ACELT1629
Content description
Recognise, explain and analyse the ways literary texts draw on readers' knowledge of other texts and enable new understanding and appreciation of aesthetic qualities
ELBE1137
Elaboration
exploring how some writers use terse and relatively simple language choices while others use more elaborate and complex syntax
ELBE1138
Elaboration
examining the language patterns, including sentence patterns, in a range of short texts and discussing the effect on readers' interpretation of these choices
ELBE1139
Elaboration
writing or speaking about a literary text and outlining the impact of the text on a listener, viewer or reader, for example in a journal in which students reflect on their personal responses and on how language and structural features in the text contribute to its impact
ELBE1140
Elaboration
discussing, debating and assessing remakes of literary texts and their effectiveness and purpose
ELBE1141
Elaboration
discussing, debating and assessing book or film series, sequels, prequels, fan fiction sites, tie-in publications or merchandise
ACELT1630
Content description
Identify and evaluate devices that create tone, for example humour, wordplay, innuendo and parody in poetry, humorous prose, drama or visual texts
ELBE1142
Elaboration
understanding that tone (serious, bitter, sincere, amused) indicates attitude to the subject and to readers/listeners, who can identify or judge tone through past experience and language clues in the text
ACELT1767
Content description
Interpret and analyse language choices, including sentence patterns, dialogue, imagery and other language features, in short stories, literary essays and plays
ELBE1143
Elaboration
select an aspect of a text such as a sentence pattern or an image or word and adapt it for a new context explaining how the change will affect meaning
ACELT1636
Content description
Analyse texts from familiar and unfamiliar contexts, and discuss and evaluate their content and the appeal of an individual author's literary style
ELBE1193
Elaboration
comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing its appeal and presenting this comparison to others
ELBE1194
Elaboration
examining how different authors make use of devices like myth, icons and imagery and evaluating the effect of these choices on audiences
ACELT1637
Content description
Investigate and experiment with the use and effect of extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, icons, myths and symbolism in texts, for example poetry, short films, graphic novels, and plays on similar themes
ELBE1195
Elaboration
identifying examples of language devices in a range of poems, ballads or poetic extracts, and considering how their use adds to meaning and may also influence the emotional responses of listeners or readers, in varying ways
ELBE1196
Elaboration
exploring how language devices look or sound in written or spoken texts, how they can be identified, purposes they serve and what effect they might have on how the audience responds
ELBE1197
Elaboration
taking a particular area of study, a topic or theme and examining how different authors make use of devices like myth, icons and imagery in their work
ACELT1772
Content description
Analyse text structures and language features of literary texts, and make relevant comparisons with other texts
ELBE1198
Elaboration
evaluating the effect on readers of text structures and language features of a literary text and comparing these with other texts
ELBE1199
Elaboration
by comparing texts, writing or speaking about how well the author constructed the opening and closing sections of the text and used 'hooks' to keep the reader/viewer/listener engaged and reading on/watching/listening to the end
ACELT1642
Content description
Identify, explain and discuss how narrative viewpoint, structure, characterisation and devices including analogy and satire shape different interpretations and responses to a text
ELBE1263
Elaboration
looking at a range of short poems, a short story, or extracts from a novel or film to find and discuss examples of how language devices layer meaning and influence the responses of listeners, viewers or readers
ACELT1643
Content description
Compare and evaluate how 'voice' as a literary device can be used in a range of different types of texts such as poetry to evoke particular emotional responses
ELBE1264
Elaboration
creating extended written responses to literary texts, making reference to varying points of view about the issues raised
ACELT1774
Content description
Analyse and evaluate text structures and language features of literary texts and make relevant thematic and intertextual connections with other texts
ELBE1265
Elaboration
using terms associated with literary text analysis (for example narrative, characters, poetry, figurative language, symbolism, soundtrack) when evaluating aspects that are valued and that contain aesthetic qualities
ELBE1266
Elaboration
writing or speaking about how effectively the author constructed the text and engaged and sustained the reader's/viewer's/listener's personal interest
Year level sub-strand
Creating literature
ACELT1580
Content description
Retell familiar literary texts through performance, use of illustrations and images
ELBE593
Elaboration
drawing, labelling and role playing representations of characters or events
ELBE594
Elaboration
reciting rhymes with actions
ELBE595
Elaboration
using digital technologies to retell events and recreate characters from favourite print and film texts
ACELT1831
Content description
Innovate on familiar texts through play
ELBE1350
Elaboration
performing memorable actions or behaviours of favourite or humorous characters in texts
ACELT1586
Content description
Recreate texts imaginatively using drawing, writing, performance and digital forms of communication
ELBE690
Elaboration
creating visual representations of literary texts from Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or Asian cultures
ELBE691
Elaboration
writing character descriptions drawn from illustrations in stories
ELBE692
Elaboration
retelling key events in stories using oral language, arts, digital technologies and performance media
ACELT1832
Content description
Innovate on familiar texts by using similar characters, repetitive patterns or vocabulary
ELBE1354
Elaboration
imitating a characteristic piece of speech or dialogue, or the attitude or expression of favourite or humorous characters in texts
ACELT1593
Content description
Create events and characters using different media that develop key events and characters from literary texts
ELBE781
Elaboration
creating imaginative reconstructions of stories and poetry using a range of print and digital media
ELBE782
Elaboration
telling known stories from a different point of view
ELBE783
Elaboration
orally, in writing or using digital media, constructing a sequel to a known story
ACELT1833
Content description
Innovate on familiar texts by experimenting with character, setting or plot
ELBE1360
Elaboration
inventing some speech, dialogue or behaviour of favourite or humorous characters through imagining an alternative event or outcome in the original text
ACELT1601
Content description
Create imaginative texts based on characters, settings and events from students' own and other cultures using visual features, for example perspective, distance and angle
ELBE853
Elaboration
drawing on literary texts read, viewed and listened to for inspiration and ideas, appropriating language to create mood and characterisation
ELBE854
Elaboration
innovating on texts read, viewed and listened to by changing the point of view, revising an ending or creating a sequel
ACELT1791
Content description
Create texts that adapt language features and patterns encountered in literary texts, for example characterisation, rhyme, rhythm, mood, music, sound effects and dialogue
ELBE855
Elaboration
creating visual and multimodal texts based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or Asian literature, applying one or more visual elements to convey the intent of the original text
ELBE856
Elaboration
creating multimodal texts that combine visual images, sound effects, music and voice overs to convey settings and events in a fantasy world
ACELT1607
Content description
Create literary texts that explore students' own experiences and imagining
ELBE919
Elaboration
drawing upon literary texts students have encountered and experimenting with changing particular aspects, for example the time or place of the setting, adding characters or changing their personalities, or offering an alternative point of view on key ideas
ACELT1794
Content description
Create literary texts by developing storylines, characters and settings
ELBE920
Elaboration
collaboratively plan, compose, sequence and prepare a literary text along a familiar storyline, using film, sound and images to convey setting, characters and points of drama in the plot
ACELT1612
Content description
Create literary texts using realistic and fantasy settings and characters that draw on the worlds represented in texts students have experienced
ELBE973
Elaboration
using texts with computer-based graphics, animation and 2D qualities, consider how and why particular traits for a character have been chosen
ACELT1798
Content description
Create literary texts that experiment with structures, ideas and stylistic features of selected authors
ELBE975
Elaboration
drawing upon fiction elements in a range of model texts - for example main idea, characterisation, setting (time and place), narrative point of view; and devices, for example figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification), as well as non-verbal conventions in digital and screen texts - in order to experiment with new, creative ways of communicating ideas, experiences and stories in literary texts
ACELT1618
Content description
Create literary texts that adapt or combine aspects of texts students have experienced in innovative ways
ELBE1032
Elaboration
creating narratives in written, spoken or multimodal/digital format for more than one specified audience, requiring adaptation of narrative elements and language features
ELBE1033
Elaboration
planning and creating texts that entertain, inform, inspire and/or emotionally engage familiar and less-familiar audiences
ACELT1800
Content description
Experiment with text structures and language features and their effects in creating literary texts, for example, using imagery, sentence variation, metaphor and word choice
ELBE1034
Elaboration
selecting and using sensory language to convey a vivid picture of places, feelings and events in a semi-structured verse form
ACELT1625
Content description
Create literary texts that adapt stylistic features encountered in other texts, for example, narrative viewpoint, structure of stanzas, contrast and juxtaposition
ELBE1092
Elaboration
using aspects of texts in imaginative recreations such as re-situating a character from a text in a new situation
ELBE1093
Elaboration
imagining a character's life events (for example misadventures organised retrospectively to be presented as a series of flashbacks in scripted monologue supported by single images), making a sequel or prequel or rewriting an ending
ELBE1094
Elaboration
creating chapters for an autobiography, short story or diary
ACELT1805
Content description
Experiment with text structures and language features and their effects in creating literary texts, for example, using rhythm, sound effects, monologue, layout, navigation and colour
ELBE1095
Elaboration
experimenting with different narrative structures such as the epistolary form, flashback, multiple perspectives
ELBE1096
Elaboration
transforming familiar print narratives into short video or film narratives, drawing on knowledge of the type of text and possible adaptations necessary to a new mode
ELBE1097
Elaboration
drawing on literature and life experiences to create a poem, for example ballad, series of haiku
ACELT1632
Content description
Create literary texts that draw upon text structures and language features of other texts for particular purposes and effects
ELBE1144
Elaboration
creating literary interpretations of short stories based on understanding and analysis of their context, narrative structure (including the twist at the end), layers of meaning, themes, point of view and style
ELBE1145
Elaboration
combining visual and digital elements to create layers of meaning for serious and humorous purposes
ACELT1768
Content description
Experiment with particular language features drawn from different types of texts, including combinations of language and visual choices to create new texts
ELBE1146
Elaboration
creating and performing scripts for short plays that make use of the affordances of visual, verbal and additional modes (for example music) to create atmosphere, to deepen interpretation of verbal meaning and to enhance the drama of a performance
ACELT1773
Content description
Create literary texts, including hybrid texts, that innovate on aspects of other texts, for example by using parody, allusion and appropriation
ACELT1638
Content description
Experiment with the ways that language features, image and sound can be adapted in literary texts, for example the effects of stereotypical characters and settings, the playfulness of humour and pun and the use of hyperlink
ELBE1200
Elaboration
making language choices and choosing particular language devices to achieve intended effects, for example building in a surprise or twist in the ending of a short story or final scene of a film
ELBE1201
Elaboration
taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short visual text which is accompanied by a sound track containing music and sound effects, and which is intended to amuse audiences who are familiar with the original text
ELBE1202
Elaboration
creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary literature which employs devices like metaphor, symbol, allegory and myth, and evaluating the contribution of these devices to the interpretation of the text
ELBE1203
Elaboration
creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary poetry (for example sonnets and contemporary song lyrics) focusing on their use of symbol, myth, icons and imagery
ACELT1814
Content description
Create literary texts that reflect an emerging sense of personal style and evaluate the effectiveness of these texts
ELBE1267
Elaboration
creating texts which draw on students' experience of other texts and which have a personal aesthetic appeal
ELBE1268
Elaboration
reflect on the authors who have influenced students' own aesthetic style and evaluate their impact
ACELT1815
Content description
Create literary texts with a sustained 'voice', selecting and adapting appropriate text structures, literary devices, language, auditory and visual structures and features for a specific purpose and intended audience
ELBE1269
Elaboration
creating a range of students' own spoken, written or multimodal texts, experimenting with and manipulating language devices for particular audiences, purposes and contexts
ELBE1270
Elaboration
using humour and drama as devices to entertain, inform and persuade listeners, viewers and readers
ACELT1644
Content description
Create imaginative texts that make relevant thematic and intertextual connections with other texts
ELBE1271
Elaboration
creating texts that refer to themes or make particular connections to texts, for example writing crime fiction or romance short stories
Year level strand
Literacy
Year level sub-strand
Texts in context
ACELY1645
Content description
Identify some familiar texts and the contexts in which they are used
ELBE596
Elaboration
recognising the meaning of symbols in everyday contexts, for example exit signs, logos, hearts and flowers on greeting cards
ACELY1655
Content description
Respond to texts drawn from a range of cultures and experiences
ELBE693
Elaboration
exploring some of the meanings and teachings embedded in Dreaming stories
ELBE694
Elaboration
using drawing and writing to depict and comment on people and places beyond their immediate experience
ACELY1665
Content description
Discuss different texts on a similar topic, identifying similarities and differences between the texts
ELBE784
Elaboration
identifying examples and features of different kinds of spoken, non-verbal, written and visual communication from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and from several Asian cultures within Australia
ELBE785
Elaboration
comparing two or more versions of the same topic by different authors or from different cultures, describing similarities and differences
ACELY1675
Content description
Identify the point of view in a text and suggest alternative points of view
ELBE857
Elaboration
discussing how a text presents the point of view of the main character, and speculating on what other characters might think or feel
ELBE858
Elaboration
recognising that there is more than one way of looking at the same event and that stories seen through the eyes of one character privileges some aspects of the story over others
ELBE859
Elaboration
speculating about what other characters might think or feel and retelling the story from other perspectives (for example 'Cinderella' from the view of the 'Ugly Sisters')
ACELY1686
Content description
Identify and explain language features of texts from earlier times and compare with the vocabulary, images, layout and content of contemporary texts
ELBE921
Elaboration
viewing documentaries and news footage from different periods, comparing the style of presentation, including costumes and iconography with contemporary texts on similar topics and tracking changing views on issues, for example war, race, gender
ACELY1698
Content description
Show how ideas and points of view in texts are conveyed through the use of vocabulary, including idiomatic expressions, objective and subjective language, and that these can change according to context
ELBE976
Elaboration
identifying the narrative voice (the person or entity through whom the audience experiences the story) in a literary work, discussing the impact of first person narration on empathy and engagement
ACELY1708
Content description
Compare texts including media texts that represent ideas and events in different ways, explaining the effects of the different approaches
ELBE1035
Elaboration
identifying and exploring news reports of the same event, and discuss the language choices and point of view of the writers
ELBE1036
Elaboration
using display advertising as a topic vehicle for close analysis of the ways images and words combine for deliberate effect including examples from the countries of Asia (for example comparing Hollywood film posters with Indian Bollywood film posters)
ACELY1765
Content description
Analyse and explain the effect of technological innovations on texts, particularly media texts
ELBE1098
Elaboration
investigating the influence on written language of communicative technologies like SMS, text, email and Twitter
ELBE1099
Elaboration
analysing the impact of interactive elements of digital magazines
ACELY1729
Content description
Analyse and explain how language has evolved over time and how technology and the media have influenced language use and forms of communication
ELBE1147
Elaboration
identifying and explaining how mobile technologies are influencing language uses and structures
ELBE1148
Elaboration
analysing the ways that identity may be created in digital contexts
ELBE1149
Elaboration
identifying how meanings or words change or shift depending on context, for example the word 'cool' is used to describe temperature or to express approval when used in informal contexts
ACELY1739
Content description
Analyse how the construction and interpretation of texts, including media texts, can be influenced by cultural perspectives and other texts
ELBE1204
Elaboration
comparing perspectives represented in texts from different times and places, including texts drawn from popular culture
ELBE1205
Elaboration
identifying, comparing and creating relationships between texts (including novels, illustrated stories, social issue cartoons, documentaries, multimodal texts)
ELBE1206
Elaboration
reflecting on the notion that all texts build on a body of prior texts in a culture
ELBE1207
Elaboration
analysing and identifying how socio-cultural values, attitudes and beliefs are conveyed in texts, for example comparing and analysing perspectives about an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander issue reported in commercial media compared to public and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander media
ELBE1208
Elaboration
analysing and interpreting assumptions about groups that have shaped or influenced representations of people, places, events and things and identifying how listeners and readers are positioned by these representations
ACELY1749
Content description
Analyse and evaluate how people, cultures, places, events, objects and concepts are represented in texts, including media texts, through language, structural and/or visual choices
ELBE1272
Elaboration
considering ethical positions across more than one culture as represented in text and consider the similarities and differences
ELBE1273
Elaboration
questioning the representation of stereotypes of people, cultures, places, events and concepts, and expressing views on the appropriateness of these representations
ELBE1274
Elaboration
identifying and explaining satirical events, including events in other cultures, for example depictions in political cartoons
ELBE1275
Elaboration
identifying and evaluating poetic, lyrical language in the depiction of people, culture, places, events, things and concepts in texts
ELBE1276
Elaboration
analysing the ways socio-cultural values, attitudes and beliefs are presented in texts by comparing the ways news is reported in commercial media and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander media
Year level sub-strand
Interacting with others
ACELY1646
Content description
Listen to and respond orally to texts and to the communication of others in informal and structured classroom situations
ELBE597
Elaboration
listening to, remembering and following simple instructions
ELBE598
Elaboration
sequencing ideas in spoken texts, retelling well known stories, retelling stories with picture cues, retelling information using story maps
ELBE599
Elaboration
listening for specific things, for example the main idea of a short statement, the details of a story, or to answer a given question
ELBE600
Elaboration
participating in informal situations, for example play-based experiences which involve the imaginative use of spoken language
ELBE601
Elaboration
participating in class, group and pair discussions about shared experiences including shared texts
ELBE602
Elaboration
asking and answering questions to clarify understanding
ACELY1784
Content description
Use interaction skills including listening while others speak, using appropriate voice levels, articulation and body language, gestures and eye contact
ELBE605
Elaboration
learning how to use different voice levels appropriate to a situation, for example learning about 'inside voices' and 'outside voices'
ELBE606
Elaboration
learning to ask questions and provide answers that are more than one or two words
ELBE607
Elaboration
participating in speaking and listening situations, exchanging ideas with peers in pairs and small groups and engaging in class discussions, listening to others and contributing ideas
ELBE608
Elaboration
showing understanding of appropriate listening behaviour, such as listening without interrupting, and looking at the speaker if culturally appropriate
ELBE609
Elaboration
listening and responding to oral and multimodal texts including rhymes and poems, texts read aloud and various types of digital texts
ELBE610
Elaboration
engaging in conversations with peers and adults in home language or dialect
ELBE611
Elaboration
asking and answering questions using appropriate intonation
ELBE612
Elaboration
speaking so that the student can be heard and understood
ELBE613
Elaboration
altering volume for inside and outside situations and when speaking to an audience
ACELY1647
Content description
Deliver short oral presentations to peers
ELBE603
Elaboration
sharing a personal experience, interest or discovery with peers in a semi-formal situation
ELBE604
Elaboration
using visual cues to practise staying on topic
ACELY1656
Content description
Engage in conversations and discussions, using active listening behaviours, showing interest, and contributing ideas, information and questions
ELBE695
Elaboration
listening for details in spoken informative texts
ELBE696
Elaboration
participating in informal and structured class, group and pair discussions about content area topics, ideas and information
ELBE697
Elaboration
speaking clearly and with appropriate volume
ELBE698
Elaboration
interacting confidently and appropriately with peers, teachers, visitors and community members
ELBE699
Elaboration
learning to value listening, questioning and positive body language and understanding that different cultures may approach these differently
ELBE700
Elaboration
formulating different types of questions to ask a speaker, such as open and closed questions and 'when', 'why' and 'how' questions
ACELY1788
Content description
Use interaction skills including turn-taking, recognising the contributions of others, speaking clearly and using appropriate volume and pace
ELBE704
Elaboration
identifying turn-taking patterns in group and pair work (for example initiating a topic, changing a topic when appropriate, staying on task, supporting other speakers, eliciting responses, being supportive and attentive listeners, asking relevant questions, providing useful feedback, prompting, checking understanding, 'sharing the talking space')
ELBE705
Elaboration
participating in pair, group and class speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations and class discussions, contributing ideas and listening to the contributions of others
ELBE706
Elaboration
taking turns, asking and answering questions and attempting to involve others in discussions
ELBE707
Elaboration
demonstrating active listening behaviour and responding to what others say in pair, group and class discussions
ELBE708
Elaboration
experimenting with voice volume and pace for particular purposes including making presentations, retelling stories and reciting rhymes and poems
ELBE709
Elaboration
attempting correct pronunciation of new vocabulary
ACELY1657
Content description
Make short presentations using some introduced text structures and language, for example opening statements
ELBE701
Elaboration
reporting the results of group discussions
ELBE702
Elaboration
providing simple explanations about how to do or make something
ELBE703
Elaboration
giving short oral presentations about areas of interest or content area topics, speaking clearly and with appropriate volume and using extended vocabulary and a growing knowledge of content-specific words
ACELY1666
Content description
Listen for specific purposes and information, including instructions, and extend students' own and others' ideas in discussions
ELBE786
Elaboration
using spoken language for problem solving, and exploring ideas and concepts
ELBE787
Elaboration
listening for specific information and providing two or more key facts from an informative text spoken or read aloud
ELBE788
Elaboration
listening to, remembering and responding to detailed instructions
ACELY1789
Content description
Use interaction skills including initiating topics, making positive statements and voicing disagreement in an appropriate manner, speaking clearly and varying tone, volume and pace appropriately
ELBE789
Elaboration
discussing appropriate conventions to use in group discussions
ELBE790
Elaboration
exploring ways to comment on what others say, including using sentence starters such as 'I like the way you…', 'I agree that…', 'I have a different thought…', 'I'd like to say something different…'
ELBE791
Elaboration
participating in pair, group and class speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, class discussions and presentations
ELBE792
Elaboration
demonstrating appropriate listening behaviour, responding to and paraphrasing a partner's contribution to a discussion, such as think/pair/share activities
ELBE793
Elaboration
asking relevant questions and making connections with personal experiences and the contributions of others
ELBE794
Elaboration
brainstorming topics, contributing ideas and acknowledging the ideas of others
ELBE795
Elaboration
speaking clearly and with appropriate intonation
ELBE796
Elaboration
understanding how to disagree with a point of view or offer an alternative idea courteously
ELBE797
Elaboration
experimenting with presentation strategies such as pitch, volume and intonation
ACELY1667
Content description
Rehearse and deliver short presentations on familiar and new topics
ELBE798
Elaboration
adjusting presentation for different audiences
ELBE799
Elaboration
preparing and giving oral presentations, including reports of group discussions, using more formal speech and specific vocabulary about content area topics
ELBE800
Elaboration
listening and responding to presentations, including those using multimedia, on familiar and learned topics, recording key information, and connecting new and existing knowledge about a topic
ACELY1676
Content description
Listen to and contribute to conversations and discussions to share information and ideas and negotiate in collaborative situations
ELBE860
Elaboration
participating in collaborative discussions, building on and connecting ideas and opinions expressed by others, and checking students' own understanding against group views
ACELY1792
Content description
Use interaction skills, including active listening behaviours and communicate in a clear, coherent manner using a variety of everyday and learned vocabulary and appropriate tone, pace, pitch and volume
ELBE861
Elaboration
participating in pair, group and class speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, class discussions and presentations
ELBE862
Elaboration
listening actively including listening for specific information, recognising the value of others' contributions and responding through comments, recounts and summaries of information
ELBE863
Elaboration
learning the specific speaking or listening skills of different group roles, for example group leader, note taker and reporter
ELBE864
Elaboration
acquiring new vocabulary in all curriculum areas through listening, reading, viewing and discussion and using this vocabulary in specific ways such as describing people, places, things and processes
ELBE865
Elaboration
using language appropriately in different situations such as making a request of a teacher, explaining a procedure to a classmate, engaging in a game with friends
ELBE866
Elaboration
experimenting with voice effects in formal presentations such as tone, volume and pace
ACELY1677
Content description
Plan and deliver short presentations, providing some key details in logical sequence
ELBE867
Elaboration
drawing on relevant research into a topic to prepare an oral or multimodal presentation, using devices such as storyboards to plan the sequence of ideas and information
ACELY1687
Content description
Interpret ideas and information in spoken texts and listen for key points in order to carry out tasks and use information to share and extend ideas and information
ELBE922
Elaboration
making notes about a task, asking questions to clarify or follow up information, and seeking assistance if required
ELBE923
Elaboration
discussing levels of language — slang, colloquial (everyday) and formal language — and how their appropriateness changes with the situation and audience. Presenting ideas and opinions at levels of formality appropriate to the context and audience
ACELY1688
Content description
Use interaction skills such as acknowledging another's point of view and linking students' response to the topic, using familiar and new vocabulary and a range of vocal effects such as tone, pace, pitch and volume to speak clearly and coherently
ELBE924
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class and school speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, class discussions and presentations
ELBE925
Elaboration
developing appropriate speaking and listening behaviours including acknowledging and extending others' contributions, presenting ideas and opinions clearly and coherently
ELBE926
Elaboration
choosing a variety of appropriate words and prepositional phrases, including descriptive words and some technical vocabulary, to communicate meaning accurately
ELBE927
Elaboration
exploring the effects of changing voice tone, volume, pitch and pace in formal and informal contexts
ACELY1689
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations incorporating learned content and taking into account the particular purposes and audiences
ELBE928
Elaboration
reporting on a topic in an organised manner, providing relevant facts and descriptive detail to enhance audience understanding, and beginning to refer to reliable sources to support claims
ACELY1699
Content description
Clarify understanding of content as it unfolds in formal and informal situations, connecting ideas to students' own experiences and present and justify a point of view
ELBE978
Elaboration
asking specific questions to clarify a speaker's meaning, making constructive comments that keep conversation moving, reviewing ideas expressed and conveying tentative conclusions
ACELY1796
Content description
Use interaction skills, for example paraphrasing, questioning and interpreting non-verbal cues and choose vocabulary and vocal effects appropriate for different audiences and purposes
ELBE980
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class and school speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions and presentations
ELBE981
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion including speaking clearly and to the point, pausing in appropriate places for others to respond, asking pertinent questions and linking students' own responses to the contributions of others
ELBE982
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary and sentence structures for particular purposes including formal and informal contexts, to report and explain new concepts and topics, to offer a point of view and to persuade others
ELBE983
Elaboration
experimenting with voice effects in formal presentations such as tone, volume, pitch and pace, recognising the effects these have on audience understanding
ACELY1700
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations for defined audiences and purposes incorporating accurate and sequenced content and multimodal elements
ELBE984
Elaboration
planning a report on a topic, sequencing ideas logically and providing supporting detail, including graphics, sound and visuals to enhance audience engagement and understanding
ACELY1709
Content description
Participate in and contribute to discussions, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions
ELBE1037
Elaboration
using strategies, for example pausing, questioning, rephrasing, repeating, summarising, reviewing and asking clarifying questions
ELBE1038
Elaboration
exploring personal reasons for acceptance or rejection of opinions offered and linking the reasons to the way our cultural experiences can affect our responses
ELBE1039
Elaboration
recognising that closed questions ask for precise responses while open questions prompt a speaker to provide more information
ACELY1816
Content description
Use interaction skills, varying conventions of spoken interactions such as voice volume, tone, pitch and pace, according to group size, formality of interaction and needs and expertise of the audience
ELBE1040
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class, school and community speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions, debates and presentations
ELBE1041
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in range of familiar and new contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and at appropriate length, acknowledging and extending the contributions of others, asking pertinent questions and answering others' questions
ELBE1042
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary and spoken text and sentence structures for particular purposes and audiences, adapting language choices to meet the perceived audience needs, such as recounting an excursion to a younger class or welcoming a visitor to a school function
ELBE1043
Elaboration
experimenting with voice effects for different audiences and purposes, such as tone, volume, pitch and pace, recognising the effects these have on audience understanding and engagement
ACELY1710
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for defined audiences and purposes, making appropriate choices for modality and emphasis
ELBE1044
Elaboration
using technologies to collaboratively prepare a humorous, dynamic group view on a debatable topic, such as 'Kids should be allowed to read and view what they like,' to be presented to teachers and parents
ACELY1719
Content description
Identify and discuss main ideas, concepts and points of view in spoken texts to evaluate qualities, for example the strength of an argument or the lyrical power of a poetic rendition
ELBE1100
Elaboration
identifying, discussing and interpreting ideas and concepts that other individuals and groups value
ELBE1101
Elaboration
identifying key evidence supporting an argument in a discussion between two speakers
ACELY1804
Content description
Use interaction skills when discussing and presenting ideas and information, selecting body language, voice qualities and other elements, (for example music and sound) to add interest and meaning
ELBE1102
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class, school and community speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions, debates and presentations
ELBE1103
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and at appropriate length, clarifying and rephrasing comments of others
ELBE1104
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary and spoken text and sentence structures for particular purposes and audiences, adapting language choices to meet the perceived audience needs, such as debating a topic with a team from another school, introducing a speaker at a school function
ELBE1105
Elaboration
selecting voice effects for different audiences and purposes, such as tone, volume, pitch and pace, recognising the effects these have on audience understanding and engagement
ACELY1720
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to promote a point of view or enable a new way of seeing
ELBE1106
Elaboration
preparing a presentation combining print, visual and audio elements to explore and interpret ideas, drawing on knowledge and research about perspectives different from students' own
ACELY1730
Content description
Interpret the stated and implied meanings in spoken texts, and use evidence to support or challenge different perspectives
ELBE1150
Elaboration
listen to a conversation or speech and identify the point being made and explain the tone and manner of presentation. Change the focus of the conversation or speech and identify how meaning has changed
ELBE1304
Elaboration
change the tone in which the speech or conversation is presented and discuss how interpretations can also change.
ACELY1808
Content description
Use interaction skills for identified purposes, using voice and language conventions to suit different situations, selecting vocabulary, modulating voice and using elements such as music, images and sound for specific effects
ELBE1151
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class, school and community speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions, debates and presentations
ELBE1152
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and at appropriate length, asking questions about stated and implied ideas, and restating and summarising main ideas
ELBE1153
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary and spoken text and sentence structures for particular purposes and audiences, such as debating a topic with a team from another school, creating a voiceover for a media presentation, and adapting language choices such as use of similes, metaphors and personification, to meet perceived audience needs
ELBE1154
Elaboration
selecting voice effects, such as tone, volume, pitch and pace, with particular attention to the effects these may have on audience reaction and acceptance of the ideas presented
ACELY1731
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content, including multimodal elements, to reflect a diversity of viewpoints
ELBE1155
Elaboration
creating texts that express views and values other than students' own
ELBE1156
Elaboration
researching subject matter on social issues and/or relationships and presenting ideas in particular ways to appeal to different audiences
ACELY1740
Content description
Listen to spoken texts constructed for different purposes, for example to entertain and to persuade, and analyse how language features of these texts position listeners to respond in particular ways
ELBE1209
Elaboration
comparing and evaluating bias or stereotyping and presenting findings in discussions and presentations
ELBE1210
Elaboration
identifying and commenting on omissions of information in different texts
ELBE1211
Elaboration
exploring and identifying moral and ethical dimensions of an issue represented in different texts, and how these align or contradict with personal and others' perspectives
ELBE1212
Elaboration
understanding the role of intonation, pausing, punctuation and combinations of clause and rhythm in spoken language
ACELY1811
Content description
Use interaction skills to present and discuss an idea and to influence and engage an audience by selecting persuasive language, varying voice tone, pitch, and pace, and using elements such as music and sound effects
ELBE1213
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class, school and community speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions, debates and presentations
ELBE1214
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in a range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and at appropriate length, presenting a point of view and listening to other viewpoints, and negotiating an agreed position on an issue
ELBE1215
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary, spoken text and sentence structures for particular purposes and audiences, such as debating a topic with a team from another school, creating a voiceover for a media presentation, and adapting language choices such as use of similes, metaphors and personification to meet the perceived audience needs
ELBE1216
Elaboration
selecting voice effects such as tone, volume, pitch and pace for their specific effects, such as putting forward a point of view or attempting to persuade an audience to a course of action
ACELY1741
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for aesthetic and playful purposes
ELBE1217
Elaboration
using graphics and text animations to accompany spoken text, for example presenting a news item suitable for a current affairs program that aligns image to spoken text, or establishing humour by creating a disjunct between sound, image and spoken text
ACELY1750
Content description
Identify and explore the purposes and effects of different text structures and language features of spoken texts, and use this knowledge to create purposeful texts that inform, persuade and engage
ELBE1277
Elaboration
identifying stereotypes of people, cultures, places, events, and concepts and explaining why they are stereotypes
ELBE1278
Elaboration
identifying and explaining satirical events, including events in other cultures, for example depictions in political cartoons
ELBE1279
Elaboration
applying knowledge of spoken, visual, auditory, technical and multimodal resources (for example sound and silence, camera shot types, lighting and colour) in conjunction with verbal resources for varying purposes and contexts
ELBE1280
Elaboration
selecting subject matter and language to position readers to accept representations of people, events, ideas and information
ACELY1813
Content description
Use organisation patterns, voice and language conventions to present a point of view on a subject, speaking clearly, coherently and with effect, using logic, imagery and rhetorical devices to engage audiences
ELBE1281
Elaboration
participating in pair, group, class, school and community speaking and listening situations, including informal conversations, discussions, debates and presentations
ELBE1282
Elaboration
using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in a range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and at appropriate length, activating prior knowledge to assess the credibility of a speaker's assertions, and summarising alternative views on an issue
ELBE1283
Elaboration
choosing vocabulary and spoken text and sentence structures for particular purposes and audiences, such as debating a topic with a team from another school, creating a voiceover for a media presentation, and adapting language devices such as evaluative language, cause and effect, anecdotes and humour for particular effects
ELBE1284
Elaboration
adapting voice effects, such as tone, volume, pitch, pauses and change of pace, for their specific effects such as putting forward a point of view or attempting to persuade an audience to a course of action
ACELY1751
Content description
Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to influence a course of action
ELBE1285
Elaboration
using assumptions about listeners, viewers and readers to try to position them to accept a particular point of view
Year level sub-strand
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
ACELY1648
Content description
Identify some differences between imaginative and informative texts
ELBE614
Elaboration
talking about what is 'real' and what is imagined in texts
ELBE615
Elaboration
identifying and selecting texts for information purposes and commenting on how the text might help with a task
ACELY1649
Content description
Read decodable and predictable texts, practising phrasing and fluency, and monitor meaning using concepts about print and emerging contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge
ELBE616
Elaboration
navigating a text correctly, starting at the right place and reading in the right direction, returning to the next line as needed, matching one spoken word to one written word
ELBE617
Elaboration
reading aloud with attempts at fluency and intonation
ELBE618
Elaboration
attempting to work out unknown words by combining contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge
ELBE619
Elaboration
predicting what might happen on the basis of experience of this kind of text; at the sentence level predicting the meaning on the basis of syntax and word meaning
ACELY1650
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to understand and discuss texts listened to, viewed or read independently
ELBE620
Elaboration
talking about the meanings in texts listened to, viewed and read
ELBE621
Elaboration
visualising elements in a text (for example drawing an event or character from a text read aloud)
ELBE622
Elaboration
providing a simple, correctly-sequenced retelling of narrative texts
ELBE623
Elaboration
relating one or two key facts from informative texts
ELBE624
Elaboration
finding a key word in a text to answer a literal question
ELBE625
Elaboration
making links between events in a text and students' own experiences
ELBE626
Elaboration
making an inference about a character's feelings
ELBE627
Elaboration
discussing and sequencing events in stories
ELBE628
Elaboration
drawing events in sequence, recognising that for some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories the sequence of events may be cyclical
ACELY1658
Content description
Describe some differences between imaginative informative and persuasive texts
ELBE710
Elaboration
comparing and discussing texts identifying some features that distinguish those that 'tell stories' from those that 'give opinions'
ELBE711
Elaboration
selecting texts for a particular purpose or task, for example a website that will give information about whales, a book that will tell a story about a possum
ACELY1659
Content description
Read decodable and predictable texts using developing phrasing, fluency, contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge and emerging text processing strategies, for example prediction, monitoring meaning and re-reading
ELBE712
Elaboration
using contextual and semantic knowledge to make predictions about a text's purpose and content
ELBE713
Elaboration
combining knowledge of context, meaning, grammar and phonics to decode text
ELBE714
Elaboration
recognising most high frequency sight words when reading text
ELBE715
Elaboration
self-correcting when reading does not make sense, using pictures, context, meaning, phonics and grammatical knowledge
ELBE716
Elaboration
reading aloud with developing fluency and intonation
ACELY1660
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning about key events, ideas and information in texts that they listen to, view and read by drawing on growing knowledge of context, text structures and language features
ELBE717
Elaboration
using elements in books and screen texts, for example illustrations, diagrams, sound and movement, to support reading
ELBE718
Elaboration
making connections between the text and students' own experiences, and between information in print and images
ELBE719
Elaboration
finding key information in a text
ELBE720
Elaboration
making inferences about characters' feelings and motives
ELBE721
Elaboration
building knowledge about the topic of the text and learning new vocabulary before and during reading
ELBE722
Elaboration
making predictions from the cover, from illustrations and at points in the text before reading on
ELBE723
Elaboration
retelling the events or key information in the text orally, in writing and/or through digital or arts media
ACELY1668
Content description
Identify the audience of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
ELBE801
Elaboration
identifying the main purpose of a text, including whether the author wants to entertain, explain or persuade and considering how audiences might respond to those texts
ACELY1669
Content description
Read less predictable texts with phrasing and fluency by combining contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge using text processing strategies, for example monitoring meaning, predicting, rereading and self-correcting
ELBE802
Elaboration
using prior and learned knowledge and vocabulary to make and confirm predictions when reading text
ELBE803
Elaboration
using grammatical knowledge to predict likely sentence patterns when reading more complex narratives and informative texts
ELBE804
Elaboration
using knowledge of sound–letter relationships and high frequency sight words when decoding text
ELBE805
Elaboration
monitoring own reading and self-correcting when reading does not make sense, using illustrations, context, phonics, grammar knowledge and prior and learned topic knowledge
ELBE806
Elaboration
using grammar and meaning to read aloud with fluency and intonation
ACELY1670
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning and begin to analyse texts by drawing on growing knowledge of context, language and visual features and print and multimodal text structures
ELBE807
Elaboration
making connections between the text and students' own experiences and experiences with other texts, comparing authors' differing point of view on a topic
ELBE808
Elaboration
making connections between information in print and images
ELBE809
Elaboration
building on and using prior knowledge and vocabulary
ELBE810
Elaboration
making valid inferences using information in a text and students' own prior knowledge
ELBE811
Elaboration
predicting, asking and answering questions as they read, and summarising and reviewing meaning
ACELY1678
Content description
Identify the audience and purpose of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
ELBE868
Elaboration
identifying the author's point of view on a topic and key words and images that seem intended to persuade listeners, viewers or readers to agree with the view presented
ACELY1679
Content description
Read an increasing range of different types of texts by combining contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge, using text processing strategies, for example monitoring, predicting, confirming, rereading, reading on and self-correcting
ELBE869
Elaboration
combining different types of knowledge (for example word knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, phonics) to make decisions about unknown words, reading on, reviewing and summarising meaning
ELBE870
Elaboration
analysing the way illustrations help to construct meaning and interpreting different types of illustrations and graphics
ELBE871
Elaboration
reading text types from a student's culture to enhance confidence in building reading strategies
ELBE872
Elaboration
reading aloud with fluency and intonation
ELBE873
Elaboration
reading a wider range of texts, including chapter books and informative texts, for pleasure
ACELY1680
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning and begin to evaluate texts by drawing on a growing knowledge of context, text structures and language features
ELBE874
Elaboration
making connections between the text and students own experience and other texts
ELBE875
Elaboration
making connections between the information in print and images
ELBE876
Elaboration
making predictions and asking and answering questions about the text drawing on knowledge of the topic, subject-specific vocabulary and experience of texts on the same topic
ELBE877
Elaboration
using text features and search tools to locate information in written and digital texts efficiently
ELBE878
Elaboration
determining important ideas, events or details in texts commenting on things learned or questions raised by reading, referring explicitly to the text for verification
ELBE879
Elaboration
making considered inferences taking into account topic knowledge or a character's likely actions and feelings
ACELY1690
Content description
Identify characteristic features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text
ELBE929
Elaboration
describing the language which authors use to create imaginary worlds; how textual features such as headings, subheadings, bold type and graphic organisers are used to order and present information, and how visual codes are used, for example those used in advertising to represent children and families so that viewers identify with them
ACELY1691
Content description
Read different types of texts by combining contextual , semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge using text processing strategies for example monitoring meaning, cross checking and reviewing
ELBE930
Elaboration
reading new and different kinds of texts with the use of established word identification strategies, including knowledge of the topic and of text type together with self monitoring strategies; including rereading, self questioning and pausing, and including self correction strategies such confirming and cross-checking
ELBE931
Elaboration
reading aloud with fluency and expression
ELBE932
Elaboration
reading a wide range of different types of texts for pleasure
ACELY1692
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning to expand content knowledge, integrating and linking ideas and analysing and evaluating texts
ELBE933
Elaboration
making connections between the text and students' own experience and other texts
ELBE934
Elaboration
making connections between information in print and images
ELBE935
Elaboration
building and using prior knowledge and vocabulary
ELBE936
Elaboration
finding specific literal information
ELBE937
Elaboration
asking and answering questions
ELBE938
Elaboration
creating mental images
ELBE939
Elaboration
finding the main idea of a text
ELBE940
Elaboration
inferring meaning from the ways communication occurs in digital environments including the interplay between words, images, and sounds
ELBE941
Elaboration
bringing subject and technical vocabulary and concept knowledge to new reading tasks, selecting and using texts for their pertinence to the task and the accuracy of their information
ACELY1701
Content description
Identify and explain characteristic text structures and language features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text
ELBE985
Elaboration
explaining how the features of a text advocating community action, for example action on a local area preservation issue, are used to meet the purpose of the text
ACELY1702
Content description
Navigate and read texts for specific purposes applying appropriate text processing strategies, for example predicting and confirming, monitoring meaning, skimming and scanning
ELBE987
Elaboration
bringing subject and technical vocabulary and concept knowledge to new reading tasks
ELBE988
Elaboration
selecting and using texts for their pertinence to the task and the accuracy of their information
ELBE989
Elaboration
using word identification, self-monitoring and self-correcting strategies to access material on less familiar topics, skimming and scanning to check the pertinence of particular information to students' topic and task
ELBE990
Elaboration
reading a wide range of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts for pleasure and to find and use information
ACELY1703
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to analyse information, integrating and linking ideas from a variety of print and digital sources
ELBE991
Elaboration
using research skills including identifying research purpose, locating texts, gathering and organising information, evaluating its relative value, and the accuracy and currency of print and digital sources and summarising information from several sources
ACELY1711
Content description
Analyse how text structures and language features work together to meet the purpose of a text
ELBE1045
Elaboration
comparing the structures and features of different texts, including print and digital sources on similar topics, and evaluating which features best aid navigation and clear communication about the topic
ACELY1712
Content description
Select, navigate and read texts for a range of purposes, applying appropriate text processing strategies and interpreting structural features, for example table of contents, glossary, chapters, headings and subheadings
ELBE1046
Elaboration
bringing subject and technical vocabulary and concept knowledge to new reading tasks, selecting, evaluating and using texts for their pertinence to the task and the accuracy of their information
ELBE1047
Elaboration
using word identification, self-monitoring and self-correcting strategies
ELBE1048
Elaboration
using research skills including identifying research purpose, locating texts, gathering and organising information, evaluating and using information
ELBE1049
Elaboration
identifying and using texts for a wide range of purposes, selecting texts by favourite authors and trying new ones
ACELY1713
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse information and ideas, comparing content from a variety of textual sources including media and digital texts
ELBE1050
Elaboration
making connections between the text and students' own experience or other texts
ELBE1051
Elaboration
making connections between information in print and images
ELBE1052
Elaboration
finding specific literal information
ELBE1053
Elaboration
using prior knowledge and textual information to make inferences and predictions
ELBE1054
Elaboration
asking and answering questions
ELBE1055
Elaboration
finding the main idea of a text
ELBE1056
Elaboration
summarising a text or part of a text
ACELY1801
Content description
Analyse strategies authors use to influence readers
ELBE1057
Elaboration
identify how authors use language to position the reader and give reasons
ACELY1721
Content description
Analyse and explain the ways text structures and language features shape meaning and vary according to audience and purpose
ELBE1107
Elaboration
identifying the purpose and possible audience for a text
ELBE1108
Elaboration
explaining the relationship between text features and structures and audience and purpose, such as identifying which group would be the most likely target for the information in an advertisement and justifying why on the basis of textual features
ACELY1722
Content description
Use prior knowledge and text processing strategies to interpret a range of types of texts
ELBE1109
Elaboration
identifying cause and effect in explanations and how these are used to convince an audience of a course of action
ELBE1110
Elaboration
inferring the tone and emotional intent of a character in dialogue in a narrative
ACELY1723
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to interpret, analyse and synthesise ideas and information, critiquing ideas and issues from a variety of textual sources
ACELY1724
Content description
Compare the text structures and language features of multimodal texts, explaining how they combine to influence audiences
ACELY1732
Content description
Analyse and evaluate the ways that text structures and language features vary according to the purpose of the text and the ways that referenced sources add authority to a text
ELBE1157
Elaboration
evaluating an author's use of particular textual structures and language features in achieving the representation of a point of view
ELBE1158
Elaboration
making assertions about the sufficiency and adequacy of information or evidence and the credibility of sources
ELBE1159
Elaboration
exploring texts that attempt to solve moral problems in a particular way, for example by consideration of consequences or rights/duties, and by identifying strengths as well as problems that arise from this approach
ACELY1733
Content description
Apply increasing knowledge of vocabulary, text structures and language features to understand the content of texts
ELBE1160
Elaboration
identifying the meaning of a wide range of words, including technical and literary language in various contexts
ELBE1161
Elaboration
using print and digital/online thesauruses and dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms and homonyms and subject-specific dictionaries
ACELY1734
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to interpret and evaluate texts by reflecting on the validity of content and the credibility of sources, including finding evidence in the text for the author's point of view
ELBE1162
Elaboration
reflecting on content by connecting and comparing information found in a text to knowledge sourced elsewhere
ELBE1163
Elaboration
determining and applying criteria for evaluating the credibility of a website
ELBE1164
Elaboration
explaining whether the author conveys meaning adequately, particularly in distinguishing fact from opinion
ACELY1735
Content description
Explore and explain the ways authors combine different modes and media in creating texts, and the impact of these choices on the viewer/listener
ELBE1165
Elaboration
comparing representations of different social groups in texts drawn from different modes and media, for example comparing contemporary representations of homeless people with romantic representations of the swagman and the impact of these representations on the audience
ACELY1742
Content description
Interpret, analyse and evaluate how different perspectives of issue, event, situation, individuals or groups are constructed to serve specific purposes in texts
ELBE1218
Elaboration
debating the reliability of the coverage in a range of news media of a contentious issue such as commercial logging of old growth forests
ELBE1219
Elaboration
evaluating techniques used to construct plot and create emotional responses such as comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, or the expansion and compression of time
ELBE1220
Elaboration
constructing questions to frame an analysis of differing representations on moral issues in texts, and including a critical analysis of a personal view in the overall analysis of the issue
ELBE1221
Elaboration
identifying whether two texts may share a common purpose or audience, for example a feature article on a particular website or in a particular newspaper
ELBE1222
Elaboration
analysing how issues are debated and reported in the media in different countries, and the possible reasons for this, for example 'whaling' in Japan and Australia
ELBE1223
Elaboration
analysing and interpreting assumptions about groups that have shaped or influenced representations of people, places, events and things; identifying how listeners, viewers and readers are positioned by these representations, and supporting identified points with examples
ACELY1743
Content description
Apply an expanding vocabulary to read increasingly complex texts with fluency and comprehension
ELBE1224
Elaboration
predicting meanings of unfamiliar words by using morphographic patterns
ACELY1744
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse texts, comparing and evaluating representations of an event, issue, situation or character in different texts
ELBE1225
Elaboration
evaluating techniques used to construct plot and create emotional responses, for example comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, or the expansion and compression of time
ACELY1745
Content description
Explore and explain the combinations of language and visual choices that authors make to present information, opinions and perspectives in different texts
ELBE1226
Elaboration
identifying or commenting on the author's approaches and use of techniques, design, form and style
ACELY1752
Content description
Identify and analyse implicit or explicit values, beliefs and assumptions in texts and how these are influenced by purposes and likely audiences
ELBE1286
Elaboration
skim reading sections of a persuasive text to identify the main contention, key arguments in linked paragraphs and supporting evidence in order to locate points for building rebuttal or counter argument
ACELY1753
Content description
Choose a reading technique and reading path appropriate for the type of text, to retrieve and connect ideas within and between texts
ELBE1287
Elaboration
assessing the impact of hyperlinked text in a website's navigation
ELBE1288
Elaboration
using appropriate metalanguage associated with digital technologies to analyse reading pathways on websites
ACELY1754
Content description
Use comprehension strategies to compare and contrast information within and between texts, identifying and analysing embedded perspectives, and evaluating supporting evidence
ELBE1289
Elaboration
identifying the meaning of an increasing range of subtle vocabulary, for example inferring the different connotations of words in advertising texts from other cultures
Year level sub-strand
Creating texts
ACELY1651
Content description
Create short texts to explore, record and report ideas and events using familiar words and beginning writing knowledge
ELBE629
Elaboration
using image-making and beginning writing to represent characters and events in written, film and web-based texts
ELBE630
Elaboration
using speaking, writing and drawing to represent and communicate personal responses to ideas and events experienced through texts
ELBE631
Elaboration
creating short spoken, written and multimodal observations, recounts and descriptions, extending vocabulary and including some content-specific words in spoken and written texts
ELBE632
Elaboration
using beginning concepts about print, sound–letter and word knowledge and punctuation to create short texts
ACELY1652
Content description
Participate in shared editing of students' own texts for meaning, spelling, capital letters and full stops
ELBE633
Elaboration
rereading collaboratively developed texts to check that they communicate what the authors intended
ACELY1653
Content description
Produce some lower case and upper case letters using learned letter formations
ELBE634
Elaboration
adopting correct posture and pencil grip
ELBE635
Elaboration
learning to produce simple handwriting movements
ELBE636
Elaboration
following clear demonstrations of how to construct each letter (for example where to start; which direction to write)
ELBE637
Elaboration
learning to construct lower case letters and to combine these into words
ELBE638
Elaboration
learning to construct some upper case letters
ACELY1654
Content description
Construct texts using software including word processing programs
ELBE639
Elaboration
using simple functions of keyboard and mouse including typing letters, scrolling, selecting icons and drop-down menu
ACELY1661
Content description
Create short imaginative and informative texts that show emerging use of appropriate text structure, sentence-level grammar, word choice, spelling, punctuation and appropriate multimodal elements, for example illustrations and diagrams
ELBE724
Elaboration
referring to learned knowledge of text structure and grammar when creating a new text
ELBE725
Elaboration
applying new vocabulary appropriately in creating text
ELBE726
Elaboration
learning how to plan spoken and written communications so that listeners and readers might follow the sequence of ideas or events
ELBE727
Elaboration
beginning to consider audience in designing a communication involving visual components, selecting images for maximum impact
ACELY1662
Content description
Re-read student's own texts and discuss possible changes to improve meaning, spelling and punctuation
ELBE728
Elaboration
adding or deleting words on page or screen to improve meaning, for example adding an adjective to a noun
ELBE729
Elaboration
reading the students' own work aloud to listen for grammatical correctness: checking use of capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks
ELBE730
Elaboration
checking for inclusion of capital letters and full stops
ELBE731
Elaboration
identifying words which might not be spelt correctly
ELBE732
Elaboration
beginning to use dictionaries and classroom charts to check and correct spelling of less familiar words
ACELY1663
Content description
Write using unjoined lower case and upper case letters
ELBE733
Elaboration
using correct posture and pencil grip
ELBE734
Elaboration
learning how each letter is constructed including where to start and the direction to follow
ELBE735
Elaboration
writing words legibly using unjoined print script of consistent size
ACELY1664
Content description
Construct texts that incorporate supporting images using software including word processing programs
ELBE736
Elaboration
creating digital images and composing a story or information sequence on screen using images and captions
ELBE737
Elaboration
adding images to digital written communications such as emails with pictures of self, classmates or location
ACELY1671
Content description
Create short imaginative, informative and persuasive texts using growing knowledge of text structures and language features for familiar and some less familiar audiences, selecting print and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose
ELBE812
Elaboration
learning how to plan spoken and written communications so that listeners and readers might follow the sequence of ideas or events
ELBE813
Elaboration
sequencing content according to text structure
ELBE814
Elaboration
using appropriate simple and compound sentence to express and combine ideas
ELBE815
Elaboration
using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, appropriate to text type and purpose
ACELY1672
Content description
Re-read and edit text for spelling, sentence-boundary punctuation and text structure
ELBE816
Elaboration
reading their work and adding, deleting or changing words, prepositional phrases or sentences to improve meaning, for example replacing an everyday noun with a technical one in an informative text
ELBE817
Elaboration
checking spelling using a dictionary
ELBE818
Elaboration
checking for inclusion of relevant punctuation including capital letters to signal names, as well as sentence beginnings, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks
ELBE819
Elaboration
making significant changes to their texts using a word processing program ( for example add, delete or move sentences)
ACELY1673
Content description
Write legibly and with growing fluency using unjoined upper case and lower case letters
ELBE820
Elaboration
using correct pencil grip and posture
ELBE821
Elaboration
writing sentences legibly and fluently using unjoined print script of consistent size
ACELY1674
Content description
Construct texts featuring print, visual and audio elements using software, including word processing programs
ELBE822
Elaboration
experimenting with and combining elements of software programs to create texts
ACELY1682
Content description
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features and selecting print,and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose
ELBE880
Elaboration
using print and digital resources to gather information about a topic
ELBE881
Elaboration
selecting appropriate text structure for a writing purpose and sequencing content for clarity and audience impact
ELBE882
Elaboration
using appropriate simple, compound and complex sentences to express and combine ideas
ELBE883
Elaboration
using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, relevant to the text type and purpose, and appropriate sentence structures to express and combine ideas
ACELY1683
Content description
Re-read and edit texts for meaning, appropriate structure, grammatical choices and punctuation
ELBE884
Elaboration
using glossaries, print and digital dictionaries and spell check to edit spelling, realising that spell check accuracy depends on understanding the word function, for example there/their; rain/reign
ACELY1684
Content description
Write using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size
ELBE885
Elaboration
practising how to join letters to construct a fluent handwriting style
ACELY1685
Content description
Use software including word processing programs with growing speed and efficiency to construct and edit texts featuring visual, print and audio elements
ELBE886
Elaboration
using features of relevant technologies to plan, sequence, compose and edit multimodal texts
ACELY1694
Content description
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts containing key information and supporting details for a widening range of audiences, demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features
ELBE016
Elaboration
using research from print and digital resources to gather ideas, integrating information from a range of sources; selecting text structure and planning how to group ideas into paragraphs to sequence content, and choosing vocabulary to suit topic and communication purpose
ELBE015
Elaboration
using appropriate simple, compound and complex sentences to express and combine ideas
ELBE014
Elaboration
using grammatical features including different types of verb groups/phrases, noun groups/phrases, adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases for effective descriptions as related to purpose and context (for example, development of a character's actions or a description in a report)
ACELY1695
Content description
Re-read and edit for meaning by adding, deleting or moving words or word groups to improve content and structure
ELBE945
Elaboration
revising written texts: editing for grammatical and spelling accuracy and clarity of the text, to improve the connection between ideas and the overall flow of the piece
ACELY1696
Content description
Write using clearly-formed joined letters, and develop increased fluency and automaticity
ELBE946
Elaboration
using handwriting fluency with speed for a wide range of tasks
ACELY1697
Content description
Use a range of software including word processing programs to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements
ELBE947
Elaboration
identifying and selecting appropriate software programs for constructing text
ACELY1704
Content description
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive print and multimodal texts, choosing text structures, language features, images and sound appropriate to purpose and audience
ELBE019
Elaboration
using research from print and digital resources to gather and organise information for writing
ELBE020
Elaboration
selecting an appropriate text structure for the writing purpose and sequencing content according to that text structure, introducing the topic, and grouping related information in well-sequenced paragraphs with a concluding statement
ELBE018
Elaboration
using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, appropriate to purpose and context
ELBE022
Elaboration
using paragraphs to present and sequence a text
ELBE021
Elaboration
using appropriate grammatical features, including more complex sentences and relevant verb tense, pronoun reference, adverb and noun groups/phrases for effective descriptions
ACELY1705
Content description
Re-read and edit student's own and others' work using agreed criteria for text structures and language features
ELBE996
Elaboration
editing for flow and sense, organisation of ideas and choice of language, revising and trying new approaches if an element is not having the desired impact
ACELY1706
Content description
Develop a handwriting style that is becoming legible, fluent and automatic
ELBE997
Elaboration
using handwriting with increasing fluency and legibility appropriate to a wide range of writing purposes
ACELY1707
Content description
Use a range of software including word processing programs with fluency to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements
ELBE998
Elaboration
writing letters in print and by email, composing with increasing fluency, accuracy and legibility and demonstrating understanding of what the audience may want to hear
ACELY1714
Content description
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, choosing and experimenting with text structures, language features, images and digital resources appropriate to purpose and audience
ELBE1058
Elaboration
creating informative texts for two different audiences, such as a visiting academic and a Year 3 class, that explore an aspect of biodiversity
ELBE1059
Elaboration
using rhetorical devices, images, surprise techniques and juxtaposition of people and ideas and modal verbs and modal auxiliaries to enhance the persuasive nature of a text, recognising and exploiting audience susceptibilities
ACELY1715
Content description
Re-read and edit students' own and others' work using agreed criteria and explaining editing choices
ELBE1060
Elaboration
editing for coherence, sequence, effective choice of vocabulary, opening devices, dialogue and description, humour and pathos, as appropriate to the task and audience
ACELY1716
Content description
Develop a handwriting style that is legible, fluent and automatic and varies according to audience and purpose
ELBE1061
Elaboration
using handwriting efficiently as a tool for a wide range of formal and informal text creation tasks
ACELY1717
Content description
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, learning new functions as required to create texts
ELBE1062
Elaboration
selecting and combining software functions as needed to create texts
ACELY1725
Content description
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, selecting aspects of subject matter and particular language, visual, and audio features to convey information and ideas
ELBE1111
Elaboration
compiling a portfolio of texts in a range of modes related to a particular concept, purpose or audience, for example a class anthology of poems or stories
ELBE1112
Elaboration
using appropriate textual conventions, create scripts for interviews, presentations, advertisements and radio segments
ELBE1113
Elaboration
writing and delivering presentations with specific rhetorical devices to engage an audience
ACELY1726
Content description
Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact
ELBE1114
Elaboration
using collaborative technologies to jointly construct and edit texts
ACELY1727
Content description
Consolidate a personal handwriting style that is legible, fluent and automatic and supports writing for extended periods
ACELY1728
Content description
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, to confidently create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts
ELBE1115
Elaboration
understanding conventions associated with particular kinds of software and using them appropriately, for example synthesising information and ideas in dot points and sequencing information in presentations or timing scenes in animation
ACELY1736
Content description
Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that raise issues, report events and advance opinions, using deliberate language and textual choices, and including digital elements as appropriate
ELBE1166
Elaboration
integrating multimodal approaches within a spoken presentation to purposefully develop meaning for a given audience
ELBE1167
Elaboration
selecting vocabulary to influence meaning and to position and persuade the audience, for example adjusting language to show or acknowledge power
ACELY1810
Content description
Experiment with text structures and language features to refine and clarify ideas to improve the effectiveness of students' own texts
ELBE1168
Elaboration
experimenting with text structures and language features, for example paragraph order and content, language choices or mode of delivery, to refine and clarify ideas and to improve text effectiveness
ELBE1169
Elaboration
combining verbal, visual and sound elements in imaginative multimodal texts
ELBE1170
Elaboration
ordering paragraphs to best support and sustain an argument and to organise and convey information clearly
ACELY1738
Content description
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, to create, edit and publish texts imaginatively
ACELY1746
Content description
Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that present a point of view and advance or illustrate arguments, including texts that integrate visual, print and/or audio features
ELBE1227
Elaboration
presenting arguments that advance opinions, justify positions, and make judgments in order to persuade others about issues such the importance of maintaining balance in the biosphere
ELBE1228
Elaboration
creating imaginative texts with main ideas developed through the interconnections of plot, settings, characters, the changing of chronological order, foreshadowing in written, spoken and digital texts
ELBE1229
Elaboration
creating informative and argumentative texts with explanations, details and evidence
ELBE1230
Elaboration
following the structure of an argument which has a series of sequenced and linked paragraphs, beginning with an outline of the stance to be taken, a series of supported points that develop a line of argument, and a conclusion which summarises the main line of argument
ACELY1747
Content description
Review and edit students' own and others' texts to improve clarity and control over content, organisation, paragraphing, sentence structure, vocabulary and audio/visual features
ELBE1231
Elaboration
checking for run on sentences, eliminating unnecessary detail or repetition, and providing clear introductory and concluding paragraphs
ACELY1748
Content description
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, flexibly and imaginatively to publish texts
ELBE1232
Elaboration
applying word processing functions, for example outlining, standard styles and indexing
ACELY1756
Content description
Create sustained texts, including texts that combine specific digital or media content, for imaginative, informative, or persuasive purposes that reflect upon challenging and complex issues
ELBE1290
Elaboration
presenting a structured argument by providing a statement of the major perspectives or concerns relating to an issue; previewing the structure of arguments; structuring the text to provide a major point for each paragraph with succinct elaboration, and concluding with a summary of the main issues or recommendations in an argument
ELBE1291
Elaboration
creating spoken, written and multimodal texts that compel readers to empathise with the ideas and emotions expressed or implied
ELBE1292
Elaboration
exploring models of sustained texts created for persuasive purposes about a challenging or complex issue from other cultures, including Asia
ACELY1757
Content description
Review, edit and refine students' own and others' texts for control of content, organisation, sentence structure, vocabulary, and/or visual features to achieve particular purposes and effects
ELBE1293
Elaboration
reflecting on, critiquing and refining students' own texts prior to publishing for an authentic audience, such as uploading a movie to a website, contributing to an anthology, writing texts appropriate for the workplace, or delivering a presentation
ACELY1776
Content description
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, confidently, flexibly and imaginatively to create, edit and publish texts, considering the identified purpose and the characteristics of the user
ELBE1294
Elaboration
designing a webpage that combines navigation, text, sound and moving and still images for a specific audience